All you need to know about STD

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Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)

A sexually transmitted disease (STD), also known as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), or venereal disease (VD), is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between humans by means of human sexual behavior, including vaginal intercourse, oral sex, and anal sex. While in the past, these illnesses have mostly been referred to as STDs or VD, in recent years the term sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has been preferred, as it has a broader range of meaning; a person may be infected, and may potentially infect others, without showing signs of disease. Some STIs can also be transmitted via the use of IV drug needles after its use by an infected person, as well as through childbirth or breastfeeding. Sexually transmitted infections have been well known for hundreds of years. need help??? Speak to a counselor for free, dail 1800 252 1324 (DSC) more info @ http://www.dsc-sexualhealth.com.sg/showpage.asp?id=58

What's the difference between a bacterial and viral STD? click here to read about it (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=4245205&postcount=160])

Bacterial

1. Chlamydia (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=751331&postcount=7) | Chlamydia in woman (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=751337&postcount=8)

2. Gonorrhea (clap, drip) (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=751346&postcount=9)

3. Syphilis (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=750687&postcount=2)

4. Chancroid (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=750708&postcount=6)

Viral

7. Herpes (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showthread.php?t=21670)

8. Gential Warts (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=750693&postcount=3)

9. Hepatitis B (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=751349&postcount=10)

10. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=751342&postcount=9) | More info here (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=751345&postcount=10)

11. HIV/Aids (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showthread.php?t=17859)

others/parasitic/Inflammatory Disease

12.Pubic Lice (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=750698&postcount=4) | Pubic Lice (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=750702&postcount=5)

13.Trichomoniasis (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=751366&postcount=10)

14. Vaginitis (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=751389&postcount=13)

15. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=751392&postcount=14) | more info here (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=751397&postcount=15)

16. UTI(Urinary tract infection) (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=2513375&postcount=125) |more (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=2513377&postcount=126) | more (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=2513381&postcount=127) | more (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=2513385&postcount=128) | more (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=2513388&postcount=129) | more (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=2513390&postcount=130) | more (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=2513393&postcount=131)

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Syphilis

Source :http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002303/
Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis

what is Syphilis

Syphilis is an STD caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. It's sometimes called the "great imitator" because early symptoms are so similar to other diseases. The disease proceeds through stages -- In primary syphilis, a chancre -- an open sore that's usually painless -- appears, most commonly on the genitals, usually 10-90 days after exposure. In secondary syphilis, a skin rash appears, on any part of the body, including palms of hands & soles of feet. In tertiary syphilis, the disease spreads to internal organs, where it can do serious damage. A pregnant woman can pass the disease on to her child. Having syphilis makes a person more susceptible to HIV. Early diagnosis is important because syphilis is readily treatable with antibiotics.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Syphilis is a sexually-transmitted infectious disease. The bacteria that cause it spread through broken skin or mucous membranes.

Pregnant mothers infected with the disease can pass it to the baby developing in their womb. This is called congenital syphilis.

Syphilis is widespread in the United States. It mainly affects sexually active adults ages 20 to 29.

Syphilis has several stages.

Primary syphilis is the first stage. Painless sores ( chancres) form at the site of infection about 2-3 weeks after you are first infected. You may not notice the sores or any symptoms, particularly if the sores are inside the rectum or cervix. The sores disappear in about 4-6 weeks, even without treatment. The bacteria become dormant (inactive) in your system at this stage. For more specific information about this type of syphilis, see primary syphilis.

Secondary syphilis occurs about 2-8 weeks after the first sores form. About 33% of those who do not have their primary syphilis treated will develop this second stage. These symptoms will often also go away without treatment and again, the bacteria become dormant (inactive) in your system. For more specific information about this type of syphilis, see secondary syphilis.

Tertiary syphilis is the final stage of syphilis. The infection spreads to the brain, nervous system, heart, skin, and bones. The dormant bacteria may be detectable either by seeing the damage they cause to a part of the body, or through a blood test for syphilis. For more specific information about this type of syphilis, see tertiary syphilis.

http://i608.photobucket.com/albums/tt168/sbfbs/syphilis.png


Symptoms

The symptoms of syphilis depend on the stage of the disease. Many people do not have symptoms.

In general, painless sores and swollen lymph nodes are possible symptoms of primary syphilis. Those with secondary syphilis may also have fever, fatigue, rash, aches and pains, and loss of appetite, among other symptoms. Tertiary syphilis causes heart, brain, and nervous system problems.

Signs and tests

Blood tests can be done to detect substances produced by the bacteria that cause syphilis. The older test is the VDRL test. Other blood tests may include RPR and FTA-ABS.

Treatment

Antibiotics are an effective treatment for syphilis. The antibiotic of choice is penicillin. The dose and how it's given (into a muscle or into a vein) depend on the stage of syphilis. Doxycycline may be used as an alternative treatment in individuals who are allergic to penicillin.

Several hours after treatment of early stages of syphilis, you may have a reaction called Jarish-Herxheimer reaction. Symptoms of this reaction include:

Chills
Fever
General feeling of being ill
General joint aches
General muscle aches
Headache
Nausea
Rash

These symptoms usually disappear within 24 hours.

You must have follow-up blood tests at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months to make sure the infection is gone. You should avoid sexual conduct until two follow-up tests show that the infection has been cured. Syphilis is extremely contagious through sexual contact in the primary and secondary stages.

Syphilis is a reportable infection. That means that doctors must report any cases of syphilis to public health authorities, so that potentially infected sexual partners may be identified and treated.

Expectations (prognosis)

With prompt treatment and follow-up care, syphilis can be cured.
Late-stage syphilis can lead to long-term health problems, despite therapy.

Syphilis increase the risk of HIV transmission by 2 to 5 times and co infection is common (30-60% in a number of urban centers).[1][2] Untreated it has a mortality of 8% to 58% with a greater death rate in males.[1]

Complications
Complications of untreated syphilis include:

Damage to the skin and bones
Heart and blood vessel problems, including inflammation and aneurysms of the aorta
Neurosyphilis

Prevention

If you are sexually active, practice safe sex and always use condoms.
All pregnant women, people with HIV, and others at increased risk for having syphilis should be screened for syphilis.

Epidemiology

Syphilis is believed to have infected 12 million people in 1999 with greater than 90% of cases in the developing world.[2] It affects between 700,000 and 1.6 million pregnacies a year resulting in spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and congenital syphilis.[6] In Sub Saharan Africa syphilis contributes to approximately 20% of perinatal deaths.[6]

In the developed world, syphilis infections were in decline until the 1980s and 1990s due to widespread use of antibiotics. Since the year 2000, rates of syphilis have been increasing in the USA, UK, Australia and Europe primarily among men who have sex with men.[2] This is attributed to unsafe sexual practices.[2] Increased rates among heterosexuals have occurred in China and Russia since the 1990s.[2]
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Tertiary_syphilis_head.JPG/220px-Tertiary_syphilis_head.JPG
Model of the head of a patient with tertiary syphilis.

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GENITAL WARTS

source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001889/
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genital_wart

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The virus that causes genital warts is called human papilloma virus (HPV). More than 70 different types of HPV exist.

Several types of HPV cause genital warts, which may be found on the penis, vulva, urethra, vagina, cervix, larynx, and around and in the anus.

Other types of HPV cause common or flat warts on other parts of the skin, such as the hands. However, warts on the hands or other parts of the body do not cause genital warts.

HPV infection around the genitals is common, although most people have no symptoms. Even if you do NOT have symptoms, however, you must be treated to prevent complications and spreading the condition to others.

In women, HPV can invade the walls of the vagina and cervix. These warts are flat and not easy to see without special procedures.

Certain types of HPV can lead to precancerous changes in the cervix, cervical cancer, or anal cancer. These are called high-risk types of HPV.

The following are important facts about how HPV and genital warts can be spread:

HPV infection is passed from one person to another through sexual contact involving the skin of the anus, mouth, or vagina, or the mucus membrane. It is possible for genital warts and HPV to spread, even when no warts can be seen.

You may not see warts for at least 6 weeks to 6 months after becoming infected with HPV. It may also take longer, even years, so when you first notice genital warts, it does not mean that you or your partner has had sexual contact with someone outside of your relationship.

Not everyone who has been exposed to the HPV virus and genital warts wil develop them.

The following factors put you at higher risk for getting genital warts, having them spread more quickly, having them return, or having other complications of HPV:

Having multiple sexual partners

Not knowing whether someone you had sex with had STIs

Becoming sexually active at an early age

Using tobacco and alcohol

Having stress and other viral infections (such as herpes) at the same time

Being pregnant

Having an immune system that does not work well, such as during cancer treatment or AIDS

If a child has genital warts, you should suspect sexual abuse as a possible cause.

Symptoms

Genital warts can be raised or flat, and are usually flesh-colored. They may appear as cauliflower-like growths. Sometimes they are so small and flat that they cannot be seen with the naked eye.

Common places to find genital warts:

Females most often have warts inside or around the vagina or anus, on the skin around these areas, or on the cervix.

Males most often have warts on the penis, scrotum, groin area, or thighs, as well as inside or around the anus in those who have anal intercourse.

Both males and females may have warts on the lips, mouth, tongue, palate, or throat (larynx)

Other symptoms are rare, but may include:

Increased dampness or moisture in the area of the growths

Increased vaginal discharge

Itching of the penis, scrotum, anal area, or vulva

Vaginal bleeding, with or after sexual intercourse

Signs and tests

Flesh-colored to white, flat or raised, single or clustered warts may be seen anywhere on the genitals.

In women, a pelvic examination may reveal growths on the vaginal walls or cervix. Magnification (colposcopy) may be used to see lesions that are invisible to the naked eye. The tissue of the vagina and cervix may be treated with acetic acid (dilute vinegar) to make the warts visible.

A Pap smear may note changes caused by HPV. Women with these types of changes often need more frequent Pap smears for a period of time.

An HPV DNA test can identify whether you have a high-risk type of HPV that is known to cause cervical cancer. This test may be done:
As a screening test for women over age 30
In women of any age who have a slightly abnormal Pap test result

Treatment

Genital warts must be treated by a doctor. Do NOT use over-the-counter remedies meant for other kinds of warts.

Your doctor may treat genital warts by applying a skin treatment in the office. Or, the doctor may prescribe a medication that you apply at home several times per week. These treatments include:

Imiquimod (Aldara)
Podophyllin and podofilox (Condylox)
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA)

Surgical treatments include:
Cryosurgery
Electrocauterization
Laser therapy
Surgical excision (cutting them out)

If you develop genital warts, all of your sexual partners must be examined by a health care provider and treated if genital warts are found.

After your first treatment, your doctor will schedule follow-up examinations to see if the warts have returned.

Women who have had genital warts, and women whose partners have ever had genital warts, should have Pap smears at least once a year. For warts on the cervix, women may need to have Pap smears every 3 to 6 months after the first treatment.

Women with precancerous changes caused by HPV infection may need further treatment.

Young women and girls ages 9 - 26 shoul be vaccinated against HPV.
Expectations (prognosis)

Most sexually active young women become infected with HPV. In many cases, HPV goes away on its own.

Most men who become infected with HPV never develop any symptoms or problems from the infection. However, they can pass it on to current and sometimes future sexual partners.

Even after you have been treated for genital warts, you may still infect others.

Certain types of genital warts increase a woman's risk for cancer of the cervix and vulva.

Complications

Some types of HPV have been found to cause cancer of the cervix and vulva. They are the main cause of cervical cancer.

The types of HPV that can cause genital warts are not the same as the types that can cause penile or anal cancer.

The warts may become numerous and quite large, requiring more extensive treatment and follow-up procedures.

Prevention

Total abstinence is the only foolproof way to avoid genital warts and other infections that are spread through sexual contact (STIs). You can also decrease your chance of getting an STI by having a sexual relationship with only one partner who you know is disease-free.

Male and female condoms cannot fully protect you, because the virus or warts can be on the skin. Nonetheless, condoms reduce your risk and you should still use them at all times. HPV can be passed from person to person even when there are no visible warts or other symptoms. See: Safe sex

Stop smoking.

Two vaccines are available that protect against four of the HPV types that cause most cervical cancer in women. The vaccine is given as a series of three shots. It is recommended for girls and women ages 9 to 26.

Epidemiology

Genital HPV infections have an estimated prevalence in the US of 10–20% and clinical manifestations in 1% of the sexually active adult population.[16] US incidence of HPV infection has increased between 1975 and 2006.[16] About 80% of those infected are between the ages of 17–33.[16] Although treatments can remove the warts, they do not remove the HPV, so warts can recur after treatment (about 50–73% of the time[18]), and also spontaneously regress.[16] Traditional theories postulated that the virus remained in the body for a lifetime. However, new studies using sensitive DNA techniques have shown that through immunological response the virus can either be cleared or suppressed to levels below what polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests can measure. One study testing genital skin for subclinical HPV using PCR found a prevalence of 10%.[16]

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/SOA-Condylomata-acuminata-man.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/SOA-Condylomata-acuminata-female.jpg

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Pubic Lice

What are pubic lice?

Also called "crabs," pubic lice are parasitic insects found in the genital area of humans. Infection is common and found worldwide.

How did I get pubic lice?

Pubic lice are usually spread through sexual contact. Rarely, infestation can be spread through contact with an infested person's bed linens, towels, or clothes. A common misunderstanding is that infestation can be spread by sitting on a toilet seat. This isn't likely, since lice cannot live long away from a warm human body. Also, lice do not have feet designed to walk or hold onto smooth surfaces such as toilet seats.

Infection in a young child or teenager may indicate sexual activity or sexual abuse.

http://herpes-coldsores.com/std/std_images/crabs3.gif

Where are pubic lice found?

Pubic lice are generally found in the genital area on pubic hair; but may occasionally be found on other coarse body hair, such as hair on the legs, armpits, mustache, beard, eyebrows, or eyelashes. Infestations of young children are usually on the eyebrows or eyelashes. Lice found on the head are not pubic lice; they are head lice.

Animals do not get or spread pubic lice.

What are the signs and symptoms of pubic lice?

Signs and symptoms of pubic lice include

Itching in the genital area
Visible nits (lice eggs) or crawling lice


What do pubic lice look like?

There are three stages in the life of a pubic louse: the nit, the nymph, and the adult.

Nit: Nits are pubic lice eggs. They are hard to see and are found firmly attached to the hair shaft.

They are about the size of the mark at the end of this arrow . They are oval and usually yellow to white. Nits take about 1 week to hatch.

Nymph: The nit hatches into a baby louse called a nymph. It looks like an adult pubic louse, but it is smaller. Nymphs mature into adults about 7 days after hatching. To live, the nymph must feed on blood.

Adult: The adult pubic louse is about the size of this circle and resembles a miniature crab when viewed through a strong magnifying glass. Pubic lice have six legs, but their two front legs are very large and look like the pincher claws of a crab; this is how they got the nickname "crabs." Pubic lice are tan to grayish-white in color. Females lay nits and are usually larger than males. To live, adult lice must feed on blood. If the louse falls off a person, it dies within 1-2 days.


How is a pubic lice infestation diagnosed?

A lice infestation is diagnosed by looking closely through pubic hair for nits, nymphs, or adults. It may be difficult to find nymph or adult; here are usually few of them and they can move quickly away from light. If crawling lice are not seen, finding nits confirms that a person is infested and should be treated. If you are unsure about infestation or if treatment is not successful, see a health care provider for a diagnosis.

How is a pubic lice infestation treated?

A lice-killing shampoo (also called a pediculicide) made of 1% permethrin or pyrethrin is recommended to treat pubic lice. These products are available without a prescription at your local drug store. Medication is generally very effective; apply the medication exactly as directed on the bottle. A prescription medication, called Lindane (1%) is available through your health care provider. Lindane is not recommended for pregnant or nursing women, or for children less than 2 years old.

Malathion* lotion 0.5% (Ovide*) is another prescription medication that is effective against pubic lice.

How to treat pubic lice infestations: (Note: see section below for treatment of eyelashes or eyebrows. The lice medications described in this section should not be used near the eyes.)

Wash the infested area; towel dry.
Thoroughly saturate hair with lice medication. If using permethrin or pyrethrins, leave medication on for 10 minutes; if using Lindane, only leave on for 4 minutes. Thoroughly rinse off medication with water. Dry off with a clean towel.
Following treatment, most nits will still be attached to hair shafts. Nits may be removed with fingernails.
Put on clean underwear and clothing after treatment.
To kill any lice or nits (attached to hairs) that may be left on clothing or bedding, machine-wash those washable items that the infested person used during the 2-3 days before treatment. Use the hot water cycle (130°F). Use the hot dryer cycle for at least 20 minutes.
Dry-clean clothing that is not washable.
Inform any sexual partners that they are at risk for infestation.
Do not have sex until treatment is complete.
Do not have sex with infected partners until partners have been treated and infestation has been cured.
Repeat treatment in 7-10 days if lice are still found.
To treat nits and lice found on eyebrows or eyelashes:

If only a few nits are found, it may be possible to remove live lice and nits with your fingernails or a nit comb.
If additional treatment is needed for pubic lice nits found on the eyelashes, applying an ophthalmic-grade petrolatum ointment (only available by prescription) to the eyelids twice a day for 10 days is effective. Vaseline* is a kind of petrolatum, but is likely to irritate the eyes if applied.

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Pubic Lice

source : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001844/

Crab Louse, Female

This is a photomicrograph of a female pubic louse. The condition known as "crabs" is so named because of the resemblance of a pubic louse to a crab. The bodies of pubic lice are shorter and rounder than those of head lice. (Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control.)
http://medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/crab-louse-female.jpg

Pubic louse-male

This is a photomicrograph of a male pubic louse. The condition known as "crabs" is so named because of the resemblance of a pubic louse to a crab. The bodies of pubic lice are shorter and rounder than those of head lice.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001844/bin/2612.jpg


This photograph shows pubic lice clinging to individual hairs (the small, whitish specks). The reddish, crusted areas with scabs (excoriated areas) are caused by scratching. (Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control.)
http://medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/crab-lice.jpg


this picture compares the relative size and shape of the head louse and the pubic louse.
http://medicalimages.allrefer.com/large/head-louse-and-pubic-louse.jpg

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Chancroid
source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001659/
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chancroid

Chancroid (also known as Soft chancre[1]:274 and "Ulcus molle"[2]) is a sexually transmitted infection characterized by painful sores on the genitalia. Chancroid is known to be spread from one to another individual through sexual contact.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Chancroid is caused by a type of bacteria called Haemophilus ducreyi.

The disease is found mainly in developing and third world countries. Only a small number of cases are diagnosed in the United States each year. Most people in the U.S. diagnosed with chancroid have traveled outside the country to areas where the disease is known to occur frequently.

Uncircumcised men are at much higher risk than circumcised men for getting chancroid from an infected partner. Chancroid is a risk factor for the HIV virus.

Symptoms

Within 1 day - 2 weeks after getting chancroid, a person will get a small bump in the genitals. The bump becomes an ulcer within a day of its appearance. The ulcer:

Ranges in size from 1/8 inch to 2 inches across
Is painful
Is soft
Has sharply defined borders
Has irregular or ragged borders
Has a base that is covered with a grey or yellowish-grey material
Has a base that bleeds easily if banged or scraped

About half of infected men have only a single ulcer. Women often have 4 or more ulcers. The ulcers appear in specific locations.

Common locations in men are:

Foreskin (prepuce)
Groove behind the head of the penis (coronal sulcus)
Shaft of the penis
Head of the penis (glans)
Opening of the penis (urethral meatus)
Scrotum

In women the most common location for ulcers is the outer lips of the vagina (labia majora). "Kissing ulcers" may develop. These are ulcers that occur on opposite surfaces of the labia. Other areas such as the inner vagina lips (labia minora), the area between the genitals and the anus (perineal area), and inner thighs may also be involved. The most common symptoms in women are pain with urination and intercourse.

The ulcer may look like a chancre, the typical sore of primary syphilis.

Approximately half of the people infected with a chancroid will develop enlarged inguinal lymph nodes, the nodes located in the fold between the leg and the lower abdomen.

Half of those who have swelling of the inguinal lymph nodes will progress to a point where the nodes break through the skin, producing draining abscesses. The swollen lymph nodes and abscesses are often referred to as buboes.

Signs and tests

Chancroid is diagnosed by looking at the ulcer(s) and checking for swollen lymph nodes. There are no blood tests for chancroid.

Treatment

The infection is treated with antibiotics, including azithromycin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin. Large lymph node swellings need to be drained, either with a needle or local surgery.
Expectations (prognosis)

Chancroid can get better on its own. However, some people may have months of painful ulcers and draining. Antibiotic treatment usually clears up the lesions quickly with very little scarring.

Complications

Complications include urethral fistulas and scars on the foreskin of the penis in uncircumcised males. Patients with chancroid should also be checked for syphilis, HIV, and genital herpes.

Chancroids in persons with HIV may take much longer to heal.

Prevention

Chancroid is a bacterial infection that is spread by sexual contact with an infected person. Avoiding all forms of sexual activity is the only absolute way to prevent a sexually transmitted disease.

However, safe sex behaviors may reduce your risk. The proper use of condoms, either the male or female type, greatly decreases the risk of catching a sexually transmitted disease. You need to wear the condom from the beginning to the end of each sexual activity.

http://herpes-coldsores.com/std/std_images/chancroid6.jpghttp://herpes-coldsores.com/std/std_images/chancroid7.jpg

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CHLAMYDIA
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002321/

Chlamydia is a disease caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It is most commonly sexually transmitted.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Chlamydia infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Sexually active individuals and individuals with multiple partners are at highest risk.
Symptoms

As many as 1 in 4 men with chlamydia have no symptoms. In men, chlamydia may produce symptoms similar to gonorrhea. Symptoms may include:

Burning sensation during urination
Discharge from the penis or rectum
Testicular tenderness or pain
Rectal discharge or pain

Only about 30% of women with chlamydia have symptoms. Symptoms that may occur in women include:

Burning sensation during urination
Painful sexual intercourse
Rectal pain or discharge
Symptoms of PID, salpingitis, liver inflammation similar to hepatitis
Vaginal discharge

See also: Chlamydia in women (http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showpost.php?p=751337&postcount=8)

Signs and tests

The diagnosis of chlamydia infection involves sampling of the urethral discharge in males or cervical secretions in females. If an individual engages in anal sexual contact, samples from the rectum may also be needed. The sample is sent for a fluorescent or monoclonal antibody test, DNA probe test, or cell culture. Some of these tests may also be performed on urine samples.

Treatment

The usual treatment for chlamydia is antibiotics, including tetracyclines, azithromycin, or erythromycin.

You can get chlamydia with gonorrhea or syphilis, so if you have one sexually transmitted disease you must be screened for other sexually transmitted diseases as well. All sexual contacts should be screened for chlamydia.

Sexual partners must be treated to prevent passing the infection back and forth. There is no significant immunity following the infection and a person may become repeatedly infected.

A follow-up evaluation may be done in 4 weeks to determine if the infection has been cured.

Expectations (prognosis)

Early antibiotic treatment is extremely successful and may prevent the development of long-term complications. Untreated infection, however, may lead to complications.
Complications

Chlamydia infections in women may lead to inflammation of the cervix. In men, chlamydia infection can lead to inflammation of the urethra called urethritis.

An untreated chlamydia infection may spread to the uterus or the fallopian tubes, causing salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease. These conditions can lead to infertility and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

If a women is infected with chlamydia while pregnant, the infection may cause infection in the uterus after delivery (late postpartum endometritis). In addition, the infant may develop chlamydia-related conjunctivitis (eye infection) and pneumonia. See: chlamydial pneumonia

Because many people with chlamydia may not have symptoms, sexually active adults should be screened periodically for the infection.
Prevention

All sexually active women up through age 25 should be screened yearly for chlamydia. All women with new sexual partners or multiple partners should also be screened.

A mutually monogamous sexual relationship with an uninfected partner is one way to avoid this infection. The proper use of condoms during intercourse usually prevents infection.

http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/std_images/chlamydia1.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/SOA-Chlamydia-trachomatis-male.jpg

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Chlamydia infections in women
Source:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001681/

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease. This article discusses chlamydia infections in women.

See also:
Chlamydia (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A001345/)
Chlamydial urethritis (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A000659/)

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Chlamydia is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis.

Different strains of chlamydia cause genital, eye, lymph node, and respiratory infections.

A baby born to a woman with a chlamydia infection of the cervix may develop eye or lung infections.

Chlamydia is transmitted through sexual activity. Sexually active individuals and individuals with multiple partners are at highest risk for chlamydia infections.
Symptoms

Abdominal pain
Burning on urination
Painful intercourse
Vaginal discharge or bleeding after intercourse

Note: Some women with chlamydia have no symptoms at all. Only some women will have symptoms. Therefore, screening sexually active women for chlamydia is necessary to diagnose and treat the condition in women who do not have symptoms.
Signs and tests

Diagnosing a chlamydia infection in a woman involves taking a sample of cervical secretions and sending it to a lab for an endocervical culture or a similar test called PCR.

Chlamydia infection can be diagnosed with a urine test.

Endocervical culture for gonorrhea may also be done.

Treatment

Chlamydia can be treated with a variety of antibiotics, including azithromycin, tetracyclines, quinolones, and erythromycin. Erythromycin and azithromycin are safe in pregnant women.

Both sexual partners must be treated to prevent passing the infection back and forth between them, even though both may not have symptoms.

Since gonorrhea often occurs along with chlamydia, treatment for gonorrhea is often given at the same time.

Expectations (prognosis)

Antibiotic treatment is usually successful. Reinfection may occur if you do not take your medicine as directed, or if your sexual partner is not treated.
Complications

Chlamydia infections in women may lead to inflammation of the cervix.

An untreated chlamydia infection may spread to the uterus or the fallopian tubes, causing salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease. These conditions can lead to infertility and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

If a women has chlamydia while pregnant, it can lead to an infection in the uterus after delivery (late postpartum endometritis). In addition, the infant may develop chlamydia-related conjunctivitis (eye infection) and pneumonia.
Calling your health care provider

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms of chlamydia occur.

Prevention

All sexually active women up to age 25 should be screened yearly for chlamydia. All women with new sexual partners or multiple partners should also be screened.

A mutually monogamous sexual relationship with an uninfected partner is one way to avoid this infection. The proper use of condoms during intercourse usually prevents infection.

http://www.rxprescriptionguide.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/chlamydia-300x162.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/SOA-Chlamydia-trachomatis-female.jpg

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Hepatitis C
Source: http://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/HepatitisC.aspx

What is hepatitis C?

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. In some areas the prevalence of hepatitis C is extremely high, as in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, the Phillipines and Papua New Guinea. The prevalence of hepatitis C antibody in volunteer blood donors is generally estimated at between 0.4% and 1%.

HCV has been described as the "shadow epidemic" because of the insidious nature of the infection which is generally asymptomatic and persists for life in 85% of patients infected with the virus.

HCV has tremendous genetic diversity and this enables it to escape the surveillance of the immune system of infected individual thus leading to chronic infection. In the same light, there are difficulties in vaccine development.

How is HCV transmitted?

HCV is largely transmitted parenterally ie by blood and blood products. Therefore, HCV infections may be acquired via the following means:

* Intravenous drug abuse
* Tattooing
* Body-piercing
* Accidental needlestick injury
* Hemodialysis in patients with kidney failure
* Organ and semen donation from a HCV carrier
* HCV can also be transmitted by snorting drugs like cocaine ( blood from damaged nasal mucosa and transmitted by sharing straws).
* Vertical transmission ( mother to infant ) during childbirth is possible if the mother has a high HCV viral load, co-infection with HIV (AIDS) and has acute hepatitis C during pregnancy. There is a 6% transmission rate by this method.
* Sexual transmission is possible if one engages in promiscuous sexual activity.
* Rarely, household ( non sexual ) transmission is possible through the sharing of razors and toothbrushes.

What is the clinical course after a HCV infection?

The onset of infection is often unrecognised and the early course is generally indolent. The natural history of HCV infection is dependant upon on geography, alcohol use, viral characteristics ( different genetic types, viral load ), co-infection with other viruses and some as yet unidentified factors.

After exposure to the virus, detectable viral genetic material called HCV RNA is seen in the blood in 1 - 3 weeks. Nearly all patients show evidence of liver injury because blood tests for liver enzymes become elevated. However, only 25% patients manifest symptoms like lassitude, anorexia and some became jaundiced (yellowing of eyes and skin). Rapid progression to liver failure due to fulminant hepatitis is a rare occurrence.

The majority of patients (85%) fail to clear the virus within 6 months and develop chronic hepatitis C. These patients are relatively well in the first 2 decades after acquiring the infection. However in 20% of these carriers, there may be intermittent symptoms of fatigue and malaise.

Symptoms

Generally, symptoms only appear once advanced liver damage has occurred.

These signs and symptoms are features of liver cirrhosis ("hardening of the liver tissue") which results from persistence of the hepatitis C virus. These include ascites (swelling of the abdomen with fluid), jaundice, deterioration of mental state (hepatic encephalopathy), vomiting blood or passing out altered blood in the stools. Of course, there is the dreaded complication of liver cancer.

Generally, cirrhosis appears in at least 20% of patients within 20 years of infection. Cirrhosis can be accelerated by concomitant alcohol use.

Liver cancer develops after 30 years and occurs only in a background of liver cirrhosis.

It is interesting to note that hepatitis C has clinical manifestions beyond the liver. These are as a result of it's effect on the immune system, and are called extrahepatic manifestions. The extrahepatic manifestions include :

* Joint swelling and pain ( arthritis )
* Eye inflammation ( keratoconjuretivitis sicca )
* Skin and oral manifestions ( lichen planus which appears as a characteristic rash and oral inflammation ).
* Inflammation of kidneys ( glomerulonephritis )
* Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia - this last rare manifestion is in itself a rare disease which affects the blood and various other body systems. Major symptoms may include unusual response to cold, skin abnormalities, weakness and blood problems. There may be joint pain, inflammed blood vessels and kidney problems.

Diagnosis

Of interest is the fact that the origins of this virus is obscure, and had eluded identification for many years. A blood test for HCV identification was developed in 1990 and refined in 1992.

The various blood tests available for HCV diagnosis are based on detection of antibody against HCV (EIA or enzymeimmunoassay and Recombinant immunoblot assays ( RIBAs ). Positive results means previous exposure to the hepatitis C virus. There are tests which detect the genetic material of the virus directly (polymerase chain reaction or PCR method) and this is a much more accurate blood test than antibody based test. EIA is inexpensive, reproducible and has been automated. It is a useful screening test. It's main failing is that is may not always be specific enough and false positive results can occur. This means positive results even the individuals do not have the infection. In a low risk population like in Singapore, a negative EIA test is sufficient to rule out infection. However if EIA is positive, RIBA is used to confirm the diagnosis of HCV infection.

Another test done routinely is liver function tests. If these liver enzymes (ALT, AST) are elevated, it would indicate that there is liver inflammation. If this process is allowed to go unchecked, it will result in cirrhosis and liver cancer in the long run. Active liver disease caused by HCV requires further treatment to reduce the viral load.

It is necessary to extract a small sample of the liver by a process known as a liver biopsy, for further examination in the laboratory. By studying the liver tissue one is able to assess the degree of inflammation and damage to liver. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessment of the activity of chronic hepatitis C. When combined with liver function tests, one can assess the severity or activity of the disease and institute treatment if necessary.

Who should be tested for HCV infection?

Individuals who :

* Have had blood or blood product transfusion .
* Are on hemodialysis
* Have had multiple sexual partners
* Are spouses or close household contacts of hepatitis C patients
* Are organ transplant receipients
* Share instruments for cocaine usage (eg. straws for snorting cocaine)

Treatment

Similar to hepatitis B, hepatitis C can lead to chronic hepatitis (liver inflammation), cirrhosis ( "liver hardening "), liver failure and liver cancer.

Treatment is aimed at eradicating the virus and to prevent / delay it's complication.

Alpha-Interferon: The current recommended regime for treatment is alpha-interferon 3 million units 3 times per week for 12 months. Interferon is administered subcutaneously. It is believed to act by obstructing viral replication and also boosting the immune system to destroy the virus.

Flu like symptoms (fever, chills, malaise, headache, bone and muscle pain, rapid heart beat rate) are common in the initial part of treatment with interferon. Later side effects are fatigue, hair loss, suppression of white and red cell production, and psychiatric complications. Occasionally these patients may become irritable and depressed to the point of suicide.

Severe side-effects occur in less than 2% of patients treated with interferon. These include thyroid problems, fits, heart and kidney failure, eye and lung problems, hearing impairment and infection. Rare deaths from liver failure or infection have occurred in some, especially those with cirrhosis.

The milder side-effects of interferon may sometimes be ameliorated by administering interferon at night or taking paracetamol (Panadol). Occasionally a dose reduction or even discontinuation of treatment may be required in those with more severe side-effects.

Following the initiation of interferon alfa therapy, the patient is monitored clinically and by blood tests. Visits to the liver specialist should be weekly initially (first month), followed by 2 to 4 weekly. If patients do not respond after 3months of therapy with interferon alone, they should be considered for combination therapy of interferon and ribavarin. Ribavarin is an oral anti-viral agent which is believed to act through inhibition of some effector of tissue damage.

The main side-effect of this drug is the breakdown of red blood cells ( hemolysis ) resulting in anaemia ( low red blood cell count ).

The response to interferon alfa therapy is between 20 & 30 percent. The goal of therapy is reduction of liver inflammation and the eradication of hepatitis C virus.

What kind of surveilance will my doctor do to detect liver cancer?

Although there is a lack of data supporting cost effectiveness, unlike in hepatitis B patients, patients with HCV cirrhosis should have a liver ultrasonography and serum alfa-fetoprotein level every 6 months for screening of liver cancer. Non-cirrhotic HCV carriers generally require 6 monthly alfa-fetoprotein levels and yearly ultrasonography of the liver.

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Hepatitis C
Source : http://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/HepatitisC.aspx

Who should receive treatment for HCV infection?]

Patients with raised liver enzymes and liver biopsy indicating active inflammation. The role for intervention is strengthened if the patient's blood shows the presence of viral RNA ( HCV RNA ).

* Patients with acute hepatitis C
* Patients with HCV infection complicated by essential mixed cryoglobulinemia.
* Patients with concurrent stable HIV infection, as these patients may have an accelerated course.

Who should not be treated with interferon?

* Patient with normal liver function tests
* Patient with only mild symptoms like fatigue and no other clinical or laboratory abnormalities.
* Patients who are drug abusers or active alcoholics. These patients are generally not compliant and should therefore receive treatment for substance abuse before commencing HCV therapy.
* Patients with major psychiatric illness.
* Patients with hyperthyroidism.
* Patients with blood disorders
* Patients with abnormalities of the immune system eg. systemic lupus erythematosis
* Patients who have had a renal transplant and is currently receiving immunosuppressive treatment to prevent graft rejection.

Prevention

* HCV positive carriers should avoid donating blood, tissue, organs or semen.
* Safer sexual practices should be strongly encouraged in persons with multiple sexual partners eg. by using latex condoms.
* Avoid sharing razors and toothbrushes with members of the household who are HCV carriers.
* Intravenous drug users should not share needles/syringes.
* Pregnancy is not contraindicated in HCV carriers. However the child should be tested for antibodies against HCV at one year of age.

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Gonorrhea (clap, drip)
Source :http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004526/
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Gonorrhea is caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Anyone who has any type of sex can catch gonorrhea. The infection can be spread by contact with the mouth, vagina, penis, or anus.

The bacteria grow in warm, moist areas of the body, including the tube that carries urine out of the body (urethra). In women, the bacteria may be found in the reproductive tract (which includes the fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix). The bacteria can even grow in the eyes.

Health care providers in every state in the U.S. are required by law to tell their State Board of Health about anyone diagnosed with gonorrhea. The goal of this law is make sure the patient gets proper follow-up care and that their sexual partners are found and tested.

More than 700,000 persons in the United States get gonorrhea every year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Gonorrhea is more common in large cities, inner-city areas, populations with lower overall levels of education and people with lower socioeconomic status.

You are more likely to develop this infection if you:

Have multiple sexual partners
Have a partner with a past history of any sexually transmitted disease
Do not use a condom during sex
Have a drug addiction


Symptoms

Symptoms of gonorrhea usually appear 2 - 5 days after infection, however, in men, symptoms may take up to a month to appear. Some people do not have symptoms. They may be completely unaware that they have caught the disease, and therefore do not seek treatment. This increases the risk of complications and the chances of passing the infection on to another person.

Symptoms in men include:

Burning and pain while urinating
Increased urinary frequency or urgency
Discharge from the penis (white, yellow, or green in color)
Red or swollen opening of penis (urethra)
Tender or swollen testicles
Sore throat (gonococcal pharyngitis)

Symptoms in women can be very mild or nonspecific, and may be mistaken for another type of infection. They include:

Vaginal discharge
Burning and pain while urinating
Increased urination
Sore throat
Painful sexual intercourse
Severe pain in lower abdomen (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and stomach area)
Fever (if the infection spreads to the fallopian tubes and stomach area)

If the infection spreads to the bloodstream, fever, rash, and arthritis-like symptoms may occur. See: Disseminated gonococcemia

Signs and tests

Gonorrhea can be quickly identified by staining a sample of tissue or discharge and then looking at it under a microscope. This is called a gram stain. Although this method is fast, it is not the most certain.

Gram stain tests used to diagnose gonorrhea include:

Cervical gram stain in women
Gram stain of urethral discharge in men
Joint fluid gram stain
Cultures (cells that grow in a lab dish) provide absolute proof of infection. Generally, samples for a culture are taken from the cervix, vagina, urethra, anus, or throat. Cultures
can provide a preliminary diagnosis often within 24 hours and a confirmed diagnosis within 72 hours.

Cultures used to diagnose gonorrhea include:

Endocervical culture in women
Urethral discharge culture in men
Throat swab culture in both men and women
Rectal culture in both men and women
Culture of joint fluid
Blood cultures

DNA tests are especially useful as a screening test. They included the ligase chain reaction (LCR) test. DNA tests are quicker than cultures. Such tests can be performed on urine samples, which are a lot easier to collect than samples from the genital area.

Treatment

There are two goals in treating a sexually transmitted disease, especially one as easily spread as gonorrhea. The first is to cure the infection in the patient. The second is to locate and test all of the other people the person had sexual contact with and treat them to prevent further spread of the disease.

Never treat yourself without being seen by your doctor first. Your health care provider will determine the best and most up-to-date treatment. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the following treatments for uncomplicated gonorrhea.

A single shot of ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 125 mg or a single dose of cefixime 400 mg taken by mouth are currently the recommended antibiotic treatment

Azithromycin (Zithromax) 2g in a single dose may be used for people who have severe allergic reactions to ceftriaxone, cefixime, or penicillin.

Penicillin used to be the standard treatment, but it is not used any longer because it does not cure gonorrhea all the time. The CDC also recommendeds against using a class of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, or levofloxacin).

Persons with gonorrhea often also have a chlamydia infection. If a chlamydia culture was not done to rule out this infection, a single dose of azithromycin (1g by mouth) or doxycycline 100 mg twice a day, by mouth for 7 days should also be given.

A follow-up visit 7 days after treatment is important if joint pain, skin rash, or more severe pelvic or belly pain is present. Tests will be done to make sure the infection is gone.

All sexual contacts of the person with gonorrhea should be contacted and tested. This helps prevent further spread of the disease. In some places you may be able to take counseling information and medicines to your sexual partner yourself. In other places, the health department will contact your partner.

Expectations (prognosis)

Immediately treating a gonorrhea infection helps prevent permanent scarring and infertility. When treatment is delayed there is a greater chance of complications and sterility.

About half of the women with gonorrhea are also infected with chlamydia, another very common sexually transmitted disease that can result in sterility. Chlamydia is treated at the same time as a gonorrhea infection.

If you have gonorrhea, you should ask to be tested for other sexually transmitted diseases, including chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV. You should also receive the hepatitis B vaccine.
Complications

Complications in women may include:

Salpingitis (scarring of the fallopian tubes), which can lead to problems getting pregnant or ectopic pregnancy
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Sterility (inability to become pregnant)
Painful intercourse (dyspareunia)
Pregnant women with severe gonorrhea may pass the disease to their baby while in the womb or during delivery

Complications in men may include:
Scarring or narrowing of the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body (See: Urethral stricture)
Abscess (collection of pus around the urethra)
Urination problems
Urinary tract infection
Kidney failure

Complications in both men and women may include:

Disseminated infection, which can be very serious
Long-term joint pain, if the infection is left untreated
Heart valve infection
Meningitis

Prevention

Not having sexual intercourse (abstinence) is the only absolute method of preventing gonorrhea. A monogamous sexual relationship with an individual known to be free of any STD can reduce risk. Monogamous means you and your partner do not have sex with any other persons.

You can greatly lower your risk of catching an STD by using a condom every time you have sex. Condoms are available for both men and women, but are most commonly worn by the man. A condom must be used properly every time. (For instructions on how to use a condom, see safe sex.)

Epidemiology

Gonorrhea is a common infectious disease. In the United Kingdom 196 per 100,000 males 20-24 year old, and 133 per 100,000 females 16-19 year were diagnosed in 2005.[2] The CDC estimates that more than 700,000 people in the United States get new gonorrheal infections each year. Only about half of these infections are reported to CDC. In 2004, 330,132 cases of gonorrhea were reported to the CDC. After the implementation of a national gonorrhea control program in the mid-1970s, the national gonorrhea rate declined from 1975 to 1997. After a small increase in 1998, the gonorrhea rate has decreased slightly since 1999. In 2004, the rate of reported gonorrheal infections was 113.5 per 100,000 persons.[15]

In the US, it is the second most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections after chlamydia[16][17]

http://www.bknowledge.org/bknow/userfiles/image/cancer/gonorrhoea_2.jpg

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Hepatitis B
Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001324/
Source: http://www.hepb.org/hepb/statistics.htm
Source: http://gsk.com.my/pharma-antivirals-hepatitis.html

Hepatitis B is irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the liver due to infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Hepatitis B infection can be spread through having contact with the blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and other body fluids of someone who already has a hepatitis B infection.

Infection can be spread through:

* Blood transfusions (not common in the United States)
* Direct contact with blood in health care settings
* Sexual contact with an infected person
* Tattoo or acupuncture with unclean needles or instruments
* Shared needles during drug use
* Shared personal items (such as toothbrushes, razors, and nail clippers) with an infected person

The hepatitis B virus can be passed to an infant during childbirth if the mother is infected.

Most of the damage from the hepatitis B virus occurs because of the way the body responds to the infection. When the body's immune system detects the infection, it sends out special cells to fight it off. However, these disease-fighting cells can lead to liver inflammation.

Symptoms

After you first become infected with the hepatitis B virus:

* You may have no symptoms
* You may feel sick for a period of days or weeks
* You may become very ill (called fulminant hepatitis)

If your body is able to fight off the hepatitis B infection, any symptoms that you had should go away over a period of weeks to months.

Some people's bodies are not able to completely get rid of the hepatitis B infection. This is called chronic hepatitis B.

Many people who have chronic hepatitis B have few or no symptoms. They may not even look sick. As a result, they may not know they are infected. However, they can still spread the virus to other people.

Symptoms may not appear for up to 6 months after the time of infection. Early symptoms may include:

* Appetite loss
* Fatigue
* Fever, low-grade
* Muscle and joint aches
* Nausea and vomiting
* Yellow skin and dark urine due to jaundice

People with chronic hepatitis may have no symptoms, even though gradual liver damage may be occurring. Over time, some people may develop symptoms of chronic liver damage and cirrhosis of the liver.

Signs and tests

The following tests are done to identify and monitor liver damage from hepatitis B:

* Albumin level
* Liver function tests
* Prothrombin time

The following tests are done to help diagnose and monitor people with hepatitis B:

* Antibody to HBsAg (Anti-HBs) -- a positive result means you have either had hepatitis B in the past, or have received a hepatitis B vaccine
* Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (Anti-HBc) -- a positive result means you had a recent infection or an infection in the past
* Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) -- a positive result means you have an active infection
* Hepatitis E surface antigen (HBeAg) -- a positive result means you have a hepatitis B infection and are more likely to spread the infection to others through sexual contact or sharing needles

Patients with chronic hepatitis will need ongoing blood tests to monitor their status.

Treatment

Acute hepatitis needs no treatment other than careful monitoring of liver and other body functions with blood tests. You should get plenty of bed rest, drink plenty of fluids, and eat healthy foods.

In the rare case that you develop liver failure, you may need a liver transplant. A liver transplant is the only cure in some cases of liver failure.

Some patients with chronic hepatitis may be treated with antiviral medications or a medication called peginterferon. These medications can decrease or remove hepatitis B from the blood and reduce the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Liver transplantation is used to treat severe, chronic hepatitis B liver disease.

Patients with chronic hepatitis should avoid alcohol and should always check with their doctor or nurse before taking any over-the-counter medications or herbal supplements. This even includes medications such as acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen.

See: Cirrhosis (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/n/pmh_adam/A000255/) for information about treating more severe liver damage caused by hepatitis B.

Expectations (prognosis)

The acute illness usually goes away after 2 - 3 weeks. The liver usually returns to normal within 4 - 6 months in almost all patients who are infected.

Some people develop chronic hepatitis.

* Almost all newborns and about 50% of children who become infected with hepatitis B develop chronic hepatitis. Less than 5% of adults who are infected with the hepatitis B virus develop the chronic condition.
* Chronic hepatitis B infection increases the risk for liver damage, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.
* People who have chronic hepatitis B can transmit the infection. They are considered carriers of the disease, even if they do not have any symptoms.

Hepatitis B is fatal in about 1% of cases.

Complications

There is a much higher rate of hepatocellular carcinoma in people who have chronic hepatitis B than in the general population.

Other complications may include:

* Chronic persistent hepatitis
* Cirrhosis
* Fulminant hepatitis, which can lead to liver failure and possibly death

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if:

* You develop symptoms of hepatitis B
* Hepatitis B symptoms do not go away in 2 or 3 weeks, or new symptoms develop
* You belong to a high-risk group for hepatitis B and have not yet received the HBV vaccine.

Prevention

All children should receive their first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine at birth, and complete the series of three shots by age 6 months. Children younger than age 19 who have not been vaccinated should receive "catch-up" doses.

People who are at high risk, including health care workers and those who live with someone who has hepatitis B should get the hepatitis B vaccine.

Infants born to mothers who either currently have acute hepatitis B, or who have had the infection should receive a special vaccination that includes hepatitis B immune globulin and a hepatitis B immunization within 12 hours of birth.

Screening of all donated blood has reduced the chance of getting hepatitis B from a blood transfusion. Mandatory reporting of the disease allows state health care workers to track people who have been exposed to the virus. The vaccine is given to those who have not yet developed the disease.

The hepatitis B vaccine or a hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) shot may help prevent hepatitis B infection if it is given within 24 hours of exposure.

Lifestyle measures for preventing transmission of hepatitis B:

* Avoid sexual contact with a person who has acute or chronic hepatitis B.
* Use a condom and practice safe sex.
* Avoid sharing personal items, such as razors or toothbrushes.
* Do not share drug needles or other drug equipment (such as straws for snorting drugs).
* Clean blood spills with a solution containing 1 part household bleach to 10 parts water.

Statistics

Most healthy adults (90%) who are infected will recover and develop protective antibodies against future hepatitis B infections. A small number (5-10%) will be unable to get rid of the virus and will develop chronic infections. Unfortunately, this is not true for infants and young children – 90% of infants and up to 50% of young children infected with hepatitis B will develop chronic infections. Therefore, vaccination is essential to protect infants and children.

Hepatitis B is 100 times more infectious than the AIDS virus, yet it can be prevented with a safe and effective vaccine. For the 400 million people worldwide who are already chronically infected with hepatitis B, the vaccine is of no use. The future, however, is much brighter with the current advances in drug development and treatment options.

Hepatitis B In the World

* 2 billion people have been infected (1 out of 3 people).
* 400 million people are chronically infected.
* 10-30 million will become infected each year.
* An estimated 1 million people die each year from hepatitis B and its complications.
* Approximately 2 people die each minute from hepatitis B.

http://gsk.com.my/images/pharma-hepatitisB.jpg

A COMPARISON OF HIV AND HBV
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What is TRICHOMONIASIS
Source:http://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/stdfact-trichomoniasis.htm
Source:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002307/

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that affects both women and men, although symptoms are more common in women.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Trichomoniasis is found worldwide. In the United States, the highest number of cases are seen in women between age 16 and 35. Trichomonas vaginalis is spread through sexual contact with an infected partner. This include penis-to-vagina intercourse or vulva-to-vulva contact. The parasite cannot survive in the mouth or rectum.

The disease can affect both men and women, but the symptoms differ between the two groups. The infection usually does not cause symptoms in men and goes away on its own in a few weeks.

Symptoms

Women:

Discomfort with intercourse
Itching of the inner thighs
Vaginal discharge (thin, greenish-yellow, frothy or foamy)
Vaginal itching
Vulvar itching or swelling of the labia
Vaginal odor (foul or strong smell)

Men:

Burning after urination or ejaculation
Itching of urethra
Slight discharge from urethra

Occasionally, some men with trichomoniasis may develop prostatitis or epididymitis from the infection.

Signs and tests

In women:

A pelvic examination shows red blotches on the vaginal wall or cervix. A wet prep (microscopic examination of discharge) shows the infection-causing organisms in vaginal fluids. A pap smear may also diagnose the condition.

In men:

The disease can be hard to diagnose in men. Men are treated if the infection is diagnosed in any of their sexual partners. Men may also be treated if they have ongoing symptoms of urethral burning or itching despite treatment for gonorrhea and chlamydia.
Treatment

The antibiotic metronidazole is commonly used to cure the infection. A newer drug, called Tinidazole may be used.

You should not drink alcohol while taking the medicine and for 48 hours afterwards. Doing so can cause severe nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting.

Avoid sexual intercourse until treatment has been completed. Sexual partners should be treated at the same time, even if they have no symptoms.

Expectations (prognosis)

With proper treatment, the outcome is likely to be excellent.
Complications

Long-term infection may cause changes in the tissue on the cervix. These changes may be seen on a routine Pap smear. In such cases, treatment should be started and the Pap smear repeated 3 to 6 months later.

Treatment of trichomoniasis helps prevents the spread of the disease to sexual partners. Trichomoniasis is common among persons with HIV.

Prevention

A monogamous sexual relationship with a known healthy partner can help reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections, including trichomoniasis.

Other than total abstinence, condoms remain the best and most reliable protection against sexually transmitted infections. Condoms must be used consistently and correctly to be effective.

How does trichomoniasis affect a pregnant woman and her baby?

Pregnant women with trichomoniasis may have babies who are born early or with low birth weight (low birth weight is less than 5.5 pounds).

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Molluscum contagiosum
Source :http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001829/
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molluscum_contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that causes raised, pearl-like papules or nodules on the skin.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a virus that is a member of the poxvirus family. You can get the infection in a number of different ways.

This is a common infection in children and occurs when a child comes into direct contact with a lesion. It is frequently seen on the face, neck, armpit, arms, and hands but may occur anywhere on the body except the palms and soles.

The virus can spread through contact with contaminated objects, such as towels, clothing, or toys.

The virus also spreads by sexual contact. Early lesions on the genitalia may be mistaken for herpes or warts but, unlike herpes, these lesions are painless.

Persons with a weakened immune system (due to conditions such as AIDS) may have a rapidly worse case of molluscum contagiosum.

Symptoms

Typically, the lesion of molluscum begins as a small, painless papule that may become raised up to a pearly, flesh-colored nodule. The papule often has a dimple in the center. These papules may occur in lines, where the person has scratched. Scratching or other irritation causes the virus to spread in a line or in groups, called crops.

The papules are about 2 - 5 millimeters wide. There is usually no inflammation and subsequently no redness unless you have been digging or scratching at the lesions.

The skin lesion commonly has a central core or plug of white, cheesy or waxy material.

In adults, the lesions are commonly seen on the genitals, abdomen, and inner thigh.

Signs and tests

Diagnosis is based on the appearance of the lesion and can be confirmed by a skin biopsy. The health care provider should examine the lesion to rule out other disorders and to determine other underlying disorders.

Treatment

Individual molluscum lesions may go away on their own and are reported as lasting generally from 6 to 8 weeks,[4] to 2 or 3 months.[5] However via autoinoculation, the disease may propagate and so an outbreak generally lasts longer with mean durations variously reported as 8 months,[4] to about 18 months,[6][7] and with a range of durations from 6 months to 5 years.[5][7]

Treatment is often unnecessary[8] depending on the location and number of lesions, and no single approach has been convincingly shown to be effective. It should also be noted that treatments causing the skin on or near the lesions to rupture may spread the infection further, much the same as scratching does.[9] Nonetheless, treatment may be sought for the following reasons:
Molluscum lesions on an arm.

* Medical issues including:
o Bleeding
o Secondary infections
o Itching and discomfort
o Potential scarring
o Chronic keratoconjunctivitis
* Social reasons
o Cosmetic
o Embarrassment
o Fear of transmission to others
o Social exclusion

Many health professionals recommend treating bumps located in the genital area to prevent them from spreading.[7] The virus lives only in the skin and once the growths are gone, the virus is gone and cannot be spread to others. When treatment has resulted in elimination of all bumps, the infection has been effectively cured and will not reappear unless the patient is reinfected.[10] In practice, it may not be easy to see all of the molluscum contagiosum bumps. Even though they appear to be gone, there may be some that were overlooked. If this is the case, one may develop new bumps by autoinoculation, despite their apparent absence.

Expectations (prognosis)

Molluscum contagiosum lesions may persist from a few months to a few years. These lesions ultimately disappear without scarring, unless there is excessive scratching, which may leave marks.

Individual lesions usually disappear within about 2 - 3 months. Complete disappearance of all lesions generally occurs within about 6 - 18 months. The disorder may persist in immunosuppressed people.

Complications

Persistence, spread, or recurrence of lesions
Secondary bacterial skin infections
Calling your health care provider

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms suggestive of molluscum contagiosum. Also call for an appointment with your health care provider if lesions persist or spread, or if new symptoms appear.

Prevention

Avoid direct contact with the skin lesions. Do not share towels with other people.

Avoiding sex can also prevent molluscum virus and other STDs. You can also avoid STDs by having a monogamous sexual relationship with a partner known to be disease-free.

Male and female condoms cannot fully protect you, as the virus can be on areas not covered by the condom. Nonetheless, condoms should still be used every time the disease status of a sexual partner is unknown. They reduce your chances of getting or spreading STDs. Use them with spermicide with nonoxynol 9.

http://www.sexualhealthcare.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/370x270_molloscum-300x218.jpg http://www.skincareguide.com/images/glossary/molluscum_contagiosum.jpg

[Big Sexy]

Molluscum-Transmission

The virus is transmitted by:

Direct skin-to-skin contact with infected skin
Manual contact, such as sharing towels and sports/locker room equipment
Nonsexual, intimate contact
Scratching, picking or breaking the blisters and touching one another (especially in preschool and elementary school children)
Vaginal, anal, and oral intercourse

http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/std_images/molluscum2.jpg

Molluscum-Diagnosis

Diagnosis is usually ascertained by:

Observation of the classical skin lesion
Tissue taken from the sore and examined under a microscope

[Big Sexy]

Molluscum-Treatment

http://www.herpes-coldsores.com/std/std_images/molluscum2.gif

Although the virus remains in the body, the immune system of a healthy person can usually control the outbreaks causing the blisters to disappear.

Outbreaks can recur, possibly triggered by a weakening of the immune system. The infection usually clears up in 6-18 months without any treatment.

Molluscum is treated by destroying the infected skin. Growths are usually removed using one of the following techniques:

Burning growths off with a potent acid, such as Trichloracetic Acid
Electrical current
Freezing the growths with liquid nitrogen
Laser surgery using a blistering agent, such as Podophyllin which is made from rainforest beetles)
Retin A ® a common acne treatment (often used with children)
Note

Always use a recommended health professional trained in these techniques to prevent damage to the normal surrounding tissue.


Molluscum-Prevention

Abstinence
Latex condoms and gloves may offer some protection if the lesion is on the penis, if they are put on before sex and worn until sexual contact is over
Limited sexual partners to one uninfected person
People infected with molloscum contagiosum are best advised to abstain from sex until the blisters have been successfully removed and healed
Restricting body contact between infected and uninfected people can help reduce the chance of spreading infection
Some skin cancers may look like Molluscum so it is important that any abnormal lumps or bumps be examined
Do not

share towels and washcloths
squeeze the lesions which makes them more contagious
Note

The virus may 'shed' beyond the area protected by the condom
Washing, douching or urinating after sex does not prevent STDs


Molluscum-Prognosis

Persons with weak immune systems may experience outbreaks elsewhere on the body

[Big Sexy]

LYMPHOGRANULOMA
Source :http://www.urologychannel.com/std/lymphogranuloma.shtml
Source: http://herpes-coldsores.com/std/lymphogranuloma.htm

Lymphogranuloma Overview

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), also known as lymphogranuloma inguinale, tropical bubo, Nicholas-Favre disease, and sixth venereal disease, is an infection caused by a variety of the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It primarily causes painful swelling of the lymph nodes located closest to the site of infection. If left untreated, it can cause serious tissue damage, scarring, rectal or intestinal blockages, and extreme swelling of the genitals (elephantiasis). In severe cases, it attacks the central nervous system.

Incidence and Prevalence of Lymphogranuloma

LGV is relatively rare in the United States and most industrialized countries, where it infects an average of 250 to 400 people a year, mostly men, between the ages of 15 and 24. Prevalence is highest in Southeast Asia, Africa, Central and South America, and the Caribbean, hence "tropical bubo."

Causes of Lymphogranuloma

LGV is spread by direct sexual contact with the genitals, rectum, or mouth. Once in the body, bacteria reproduce in the lymph nodes. It may be most closely associated with anal sex and men who have sex with men. Newborns can contract the disease from infected mothers during birth.

Signs and Symptoms of Lymphogranuloma

Sores resembling pimples or blisters may appear where the bacteria entered the body, but not always. They often heal quickly, without leaving a scar. Discharge from the penis or vagina is a common early stage symptom. These signs usually appear within 3 days to 1 month after exposure.

Second-stage symptoms are more pronounced and generally begin 1 to 2 weeks after early-stage symptoms appear. The lymph nodes located closest to the site of infection, usually in the groin, swell and form a painful, pus-filled swelling (bubo). Buboes can grow as large as a lemon, and the skin over them may turn blue. They are usually accompanied by throbbing pain, fever, malaise, or headache. In about 30% of cases, the bubo breaks through the skin, drains continuously, remains open, and becomes infected by other bacteria. A burst bubo can take months to heal completely and often leaves a scar.

Buboes may form near the throat, neck, anus, rectum, and cervix. Involvement of the rectum and anus can cause rectal discharge and cause the lining of the rectum to swell, bleed, and erode. If erosion spreads to the colon, the rectum may swell almost closed. Women may experience backache if buboes form on the cervix or in the upper vagina. Chronic inflammation of the lymph nodes can lead to genital elephantiasis, narrowing of the rectal passage (stricture), perirectal abscess, and abnormal rectal channels or tunnel-like lesions (fistulas).


Lymphogranuloma Diagnosis

Physicians typically diagnose LGV by visual observation and blood tests that identify bacteria and antibodies produced by the body to fight the infection. Blood tests also rule out or identify other STDs, such as herpes, syphilis, chancroid, and gonorrhea. A sample of the discharge may be taken to be cultured.

Treatment for Lymphogranuloma

A 3-week course of antibiotics, usually tetracycline, doxycycline, or erythromycin, is prescribed to kill bacteria. Buboes may remain after infection is cured and are usually surgically drained with a needle. Surgical repair of fistulas and erosion may be necessary. In cases of elephantiasis, plastic surgery may be helpful. Physicians routinely observe patients for about 6 months after treatment.


http://drugster.info/img/ail/1441_1452_1.jpg http://obgynmorningrounds.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/LGV.jpg

[Big Sexy]

Vulvovaginitis (Vaginitis)

Vulvovaginitis is inflammation or infection of the vulva and vagina.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Vulvovaginitis can affect women of all ages and is extremely common. It can be caused by bacteria, yeasts, viruses, and other parasites. Some sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can also cause vulvovaginitis, as can various chemicals found in bubble baths, soaps, and perfumes. Environmental factors such as poor hygiene and allergens may also cause this condition.

Candida albicans, which causes yeast infections, is one of the most common causes of vulvovaginitis in women of all ages. Antibiotic use can lead to yeast infections by killing the normal antifungal bacteria that live in the vagina. Yeast infections typically cause genital itching and a thick, white vaginal discharge, and other symptoms. For more information see: Vaginal yeast infection (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002480/)

Another cause of vulvovaginitis is bacterial vaginosis, an overgrowth of certain types of bacteria in the vagina. Bacterial vaginosis may cause a thin, grey vaginal discharge and a fishy odor.

An STI called trichomonas vaginitis infection is another common cause. This infection leads to genital itching, a vaginal odor, and a heavy vaginal discharge, which may be yellow-grey or green in color.

Bubble baths, soaps, vaginal contraceptives, feminine sprays, and perfumes can cause irritating itchy rashes in the genital area, while tight-fitting or nonabsorbent clothing sometimes cause heat rashes.

Irritated tissue is more susceptible to infection than normal tissue, and many infection-causing organisms thrive in environments that are warm, damp, and dark. Not only can these factors contribute to the cause of vulvovaginitis, they frequently prolong the recovery period.

A lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women can result in vaginal dryness and thinning of vaginal and vulvar skin, which may also lead to or worsen genital itching and burning.

Some skin conditions can cause itching and chronic irritation of the vulvar area. Foreign bodies, such as lost tampons, can also cause vulvar irritation and itching and strong smelling discharge.

Nonspecific vulvovaginitis (where specific cause cannot be identified) can be seen in all age groups, but it occurs most commonly in young girls before puberty. Once puberty begins, the vagina becomes more acidic, which tends to help prevent infections.

Nonspecific vulvovaginitis can occur in girls with poor genital hygiene and is characterized by a foul-smelling, brownish-green discharge and irritation of the labia and vaginal opening. This condition is often associated with an overgrowth of a type of bacteria that is typically found in the stool. These bacteria are sometimes spread from the rectum to the vaginal area by wiping from back to front after using the bathroom.

Sexual abuse should be considered in children with unusual infections and recurrent episodes of unexplained vulvovaginitis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the organism that causes gonorrhea, produces gonococcal vulvovaginitis in young girls who have sexual exposure. Gonorrhea-related vaginitis is considered a sexually transmitted illness. If lab tests confirm this diagnosis, young girls should be evaluated for sexual abuse.

Symptoms

* Irritation and itching of the genital area
* Inflammation (irritation, redness, and swelling) of the labia majora, labia minora, or perineal area
* Vaginal discharge
* Foul vaginal odor
* Discomfort or burning when urinating

Signs and tests

If you have been diagnosed with a yeast infection in the past, you can try treatment with over-the-counter products. However, if your symptoms do not completely disappear in about a week, contact your health care provider. Many other infections have similar symptoms.

The health care provider will perform a pelvic examination. This may show red, tender areas on the vulva or vagina.

A wet prep (microscopic evaluation of vaginal discharge) is usually done to identify a vaginal infection or overgrowth of yeast or bacteria. In some cases, a culture of the vaginal discharge may identify the organism causing the infection.

A biopsy of the irritated area on the vulva may be recommended if there are no signs of infection.
Treatment

Treatment depends on what is causing the infection. Treatment may include:

* Antibiotics taken by mouth or applied to the skin
* Antifungal cream
* Antibacterial cream
* Cortisone cream
* Antihistamine, if the irritation is due to an allergic reaction
* Estrogen cream, if the irritation and inflammation is due to low levels of estrogen

Proper cleansing is important and may help prevent irritation, particularly in those with infections caused by bacteria normally found in stool. Sitz baths may be recommended.

It is often helpful to allow more air to reach the genital area. You can do this by:

* Wearing cotton underwear (rather than nylon) or underwear that has a cotton lining in the crotch area. This increases air flow and decreases moisture.
* Removing underwear at bedtime.

Note: If a sexually transmitted infection is diagnosed, it is very important that any other sexual partners receive treatment, even if they do not have symptoms. If your sexual partner is infected but not treated, you risk becoming infected over and over again.

Expectations (prognosis)

Proper treatment of an infection is usually very effective.

Complications

* Discomfort that does not go away
* Skin infection (from scratching)
* Complications due to the cause of the condition (such as gonorrhea and candida infection)

Prevention

Use of a condom during sexual intercourse can prevent most sexually transmitted vaginal infections. Proper fitting and adequately absorbent clothing, combined with good hygiene of the genital area, also prevents many cases of noninfectious vulvovaginitis.

Children should be taught how to properly clean the genital area while bathing or showering. Proper wiping after using the toilet will also help (girls should always wipe from the front to the back to avoid introducing bacteria from the rectum to the vaginal area).

Hands should be washed thoroughly before and after using the bathroom.

http://i608.photobucket.com/albums/tt168/sbfbs/vaginitis2a.jpg

[Big Sexy]

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Source: http://www.cdc.gov/std/pid/stdfact-pid.htm

What is PID?

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to infection of the uterus (womb), fallopian tubes (tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus) and other reproductive organs that causes symptoms such as lower abdominal pain. It is a serious complication of some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially chlamydia and gonorrhea. PID can damage the fallopian tubes and tissues in and near the uterus and ovaries. PID can lead to serious consequences including infertility, ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy in the fallopian tube or elsewhere outside of the womb), abscess formation, and chronic pelvic pain.

How common is PID?

Each year in the United States, it is estimated that more than 750,000 women experience an episode of acute PID. Up to 10-15% of these women may become infertile as a result of PID. A large proportion of the ectopic pregnancies occurring every year are due to the consequences of PID.

How do women get PID?

PID occurs when bacteria move upward from a woman's vagina or cervix (opening to the uterus) into her reproductive organs. Many different organisms can cause PID, but many cases are associated with gonorrhea and chlamydia, two very common bacterial STDs. A prior episode of PID increases the risk of another episode because the reproductive organs may be damaged during the initial bout of infection.

Sexually active women in their childbearing years are most at risk, and those under age 25 are more likely to develop PID than those older than 25. This is partly because the cervix of teenage girls and young women is not fully matured, increasing their susceptibility to the STDs that are linked to PID.

The more sex partners a woman has, the greater her risk of developing PID. Also, a woman whose partner has more than one sex partner is at greater risk of developing PID, because of the potential for more exposure to infectious agents.

Women who douche may have a higher risk of developing PID compared with women who do not douche. Research has shown that douching changes the vaginal flora (organisms that live in the vagina) in harmful ways, and can force bacteria into the upper reproductive organs from the vagina.

Women who have an intrauterine device (IUD) inserted may have a slightly increased risk of PID near the time of insertion compared with women using other contraceptives or no contraceptive at all. However, this risk is greatly reduced if a woman is tested and, if necessary, treated for STDs before an IUD is inserted.

What are the signs and symptoms of PID?

Symptoms of PID vary from mild to severe. When PID is caused by chlamydial infection, a woman may be more likely to experience only mild symptoms even when serious damage is being done to her reproductive organs. Chlamydia can also cause fallopian tube infection without any symptoms. Because of vague symptoms, PID often goes unrecognized by women and their health care providers. Women who have symptoms of PID most commonly have lower abdominal pain. Other signs and symptoms include fever, unusual vaginal discharge that may have a foul odor, painful intercourse, painful urination, irregular menstrual bleeding, and pain in the right upper abdomen (rare).

What are the complications of PID?

Prompt and appropriate treatment can help prevent complications of PID, including permanent damage to the female reproductive organs. Infection-causing bacteria can silently invade the fallopian tubes, causing normal tissue to turn into scar tissue. This scar tissue blocks or interrupts the normal movement of eggs into the uterus. If the fallopian tubes are totally blocked by scar tissue, sperm cannot fertilize an egg, and the woman becomes infertile. Infertility also can occur if the fallopian tubes are partially blocked or even slightly damaged. Up to 10-15% of women with PID may become infertile, and if a woman has multiple episodes of PID, her chances of becoming infertile increase.

In addition, a partially blocked or slightly damaged fallopian tube may cause a fertilized egg to remain in the fallopian tube. If this fertilized egg begins to grow in the tube as if it were in the uterus, it is called an ectopic pregnancy. As it grows, an ectopic pregnancy can rupture the fallopian tube causing severe pain, internal bleeding, and even death.

Scarring in the fallopian tubes and other pelvic structures can also cause chronic pelvic pain (pain that lasts for months or even years). Women with repeated episodes of PID are more likely to suffer infertility, ectopic pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain.

How is PID diagnosed?

PID is difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are often subtle and mild. Many episodes of PID go undetected because the woman or her health care provider fails to recognize the implications of mild or nonspecific symptoms. Because there are no precise tests for PID, a diagnosis is usually based on clinical findings. If symptoms such as lower abdominal pain are present, a health care provider should perform a physical examination to determine the nature and location of the pain and check for fever, abnormal vaginal or cervical discharge, and for evidence of gonorrheal or chlamydial infection. If the findings suggest PID, treatment is necessary.

The health care provider may also order tests to identify the infection-causing organism (e.g., chlamydial or gonorrheal infection) or to distinguish between PID and other problems with similar symptoms. A pelvic ultrasound is a helpful procedure for diagnosing PID. An ultrasound can view the pelvic area to see whether the fallopian tubes are enlarged or whether an abscess is present. In some cases, a laparoscopy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. A laparoscopy is a surgical procedure in which a thin, rigid tube with a lighted end and camera (laparoscope) is inserted through a small incision in the abdomen. This procedure enables the doctor to view the internal pelvic organs and to take specimens for laboratory studies, if needed.

cont next post

[Big Sexy]

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Source: http://www.cdc.gov/std/pid/stdfact-pid.htm

What is the treatment for PID?

PID can be cured with several types of antibiotics. A health care provider will determine and prescribe the best therapy. However, antibiotic treatment does not reverse any damage that has already occurred to the reproductive organs. If a woman has pelvic pain and other symptoms of PID, it is critical that she seek care immediately. Prompt antibiotic treatment can prevent severe damage to reproductive organs. The longer a woman delays treatment for PID, the more likely she is to become infertile or to have a future ectopic pregnancy because of damage to the fallopian tubes.

Because of the difficulty in identifying organisms infecting the internal reproductive organs and because more than one organism may be responsible for an episode of PID, PID is usually treated with at least two antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of infectious agents. These antibiotics can be given by mouth or by injection. The symptoms may go away before the infection is cured. Even if symptoms go away, the woman should finish taking all of the prescribed medicine. This will help prevent the infection from returning. Women being treated for PID should be re-evaluated by their health care provider three days after starting treatment to be sure the antibiotics are working to cure the infection. In addition, a woman’s sex partner(s) should be treated to decrease the risk of re-infection, even if the partner(s) has no symptoms. Although sex partners may have no symptoms, they may still be infected with the organisms that can cause PID.

Hospitalization to treat PID may be recommended if the woman (1) is severely ill (e.g., nausea, vomiting, and high fever); (2) is pregnant; (3) does not respond to or cannot take oral medication and needs intravenous antibiotics; (4) has an abscess in the fallopian tube or ovary (tubo-ovarian abscess); or (5) needs to be monitored to be sure that her symptoms are not due to another condition that would require emergency surgery (e.g., appendicitis). If symptoms continue or if an abscess does not go away, surgery may be needed. Complications of PID, such as chronic pelvic pain and scarring are difficult to treat, but sometimes they improve with surgery.

How can PID be prevented?

Women can protect themselves from PID by taking action to prevent STDs or by getting early treatment if they do get an STD.

The surest way to avoid transmission of STDs is to abstain from sexual intercourse, or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected.

Latex male condoms, when used consistently and correctly, can reduce the risk of transmission of chlamydia and gonorrhea.

CDC recommends yearly chlamydia testing of all sexually active women age 25 or younger, older women with risk factors for chlamydial infections (those who have a new sex partner or multiple sex partners), and all pregnant women. An appropriate sexual risk assessment by a health care provider should always be conducted and may indicate more frequent screening for some women.

Any genital symptoms such as an unusual sore, discharge with odor, burning during urination, or bleeding between menstrual cycles could mean an STD infection. If a woman has any of these symptoms, she should stop having sex and consult a health care provider immediately. Treating STDs early can prevent PID. Women who are told they have an STD and are treated for it should notify all of their recent sex partners so they can see a health care provider and be evaluated for STDs. Sexual activity should not resume until all sex partners have been examined and, if necessary, treated.

[Microsoft]

Yike! :eek: Lucky i taken my breakfast!

Haiz c oredi think i better retire frm comm sex...

Oi bro next time we meet up we play chess hor. Kekeke :D

[sunny302]

Thank you bro BS 4 the educational information :D

[Sword]

Very informative.......Thanks for yr hardwork bro...... :)

[Microsoft]

please come back and view thew the pic again before your lunch .. ok..

Can u add some in pg 3? Coz now i come str 2 pg 3 got no pict 2 c leh. :D :p

[Big Sexy]

sure.. have you taken your breakfast yet... please view the picture before you take your breakfast ok...:D

syphilis

http://www.healthac.org/images/syphilis.jpg


Can u add some in pg 3? Coz now i come str 2 pg 3 got no pict 2 c leh.

[Big Sexy]

Syphilis


Syphilis before treatment, one, and two weeks
of treatment with antibiotics

http://www.healthac.org/images/syphiliscure.jpg

[Big Sexy]

MS Breakfast 19 Jan 2005

bubbles on the penis (herpes)

http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/slm-maa/slides/hsv/images/12.jpg

[Big Sexy]

Herpes

http://www.medical-library.org/journals/secure/pictures/herpes.jpg

[waypastprime]

Can u add some in pg 3? Coz now i come str 2 pg 3 got no pict 2 c leh.

Nabei... Your wish is granted... :mad:

Oh damn, I felt sick and nauseous.... :(

[Microsoft]

Nabei... Your wish is granted...

Oh damn, I felt sick and nauseous....

Quick Quick!! Turn 2 pg 4. :p

[Big Sexy]

nb...make me busy... got to post more pic :mad:

syphilis

http://www.med.sc.edu:85/fox/secy-syphilis.jpg

[Big Sexy]

syphilis

http://www.telemedicine.org/syphilis.gif

[Microsoft]

www.dermnetnz.org/ img/syph1.jpg

:p Txt oni no pict. :p

Opps better run. Will come back when u reach pg 5. Hehe

[Big Sexy]

More syphilis

http://dermatology.cdlib.org/91/case_reports/syphilis/4.jpg

[banana]

wah! after seeing all these pix, i dont feel like bonking any more. :(

[tittyhawk]

Thanks to bro BigSexy...this thread serves as a gentle yet gross reminder to all bros to have fun with safety. Yet no safety is 100% safe, always remember to wear condoms for commercial sex, ONS, fling, BJ, BBBJ and alike.

Very informative info presented.

[banana]

now my banana cannot stand liao.

[thecas]

mine also..ugg.. :eek:

[Big Sexy]

湿疣(Genital Warts)

http://www.zgxl.net/sexlore/fnkh/jianrsy1.jpg

[Big Sexy]

And some more Gential Warts

http://www.stdservices.on.net/images/std/warts/Slide5.jpg

[jeronimo]

My goodness!
I wonder how the doctors can stand the sight of rotting penises and vaginas with all the white/creamy mucus like excretion........
I wonder how you can bear with it??

You are a Big and Sexy NG senior.......
Even if I don't like the grotesque pictures, I think you are doing a very good job reminding cheongsters safety and also a head-on warning

[Big Sexy]

yeah.. i agree these pic are disgusting... but it is a fact and it happened in the real world every min... so let's hope this will serve as a reminder to all bros here....:)

My goodness!
I wonder how the doctors can stand the sight of rotting penises and vaginas with all the white/creamy mucus like excretion........
I wonder how you can bear with it??

You are a Big and Sexy NG senior.......
Even if I don't like the grotesque pictures, I think you are doing a very good job reminding cheongsters safety and also a head-on warning

[banana]

yeah.. i agree these pic are disgusting... but it is a fact and it happened in the real world every min... so let's hope this will serve as a reminder to all bros here....:)

amen amen and amen! damn scary! now i think twice before doing raw. :eek:

[JackieChan]

anyone actually had the "luck" to see this on a WL ?? wonder how to react if so... ewww...no tks, ma'am !! :eek:

[banana]

anyone actually had the "luck" to see this on a WL ?? wonder how to react if so... ewww...no tks, ma'am !! :eek:

luck!!! i can pass this luck to u. :p

[banana]

bro! u r scaring the siht out of me. my balls shrink! banana cant stand liao! :(

[Piranas]

A really educating thread :D

[forumer]

Good work. :)

[cornflakes]

Very infomative bro!

[werd]

Oh My Gosh... this is seriously a super informative read... i don't go to hookers and already i'm super paranoid on all the ex girlfriends and every piece of sex i've ever had.. man... this is one super scary post.

i guess there is super really no way to tell if anyone has it.. i mean, all thesee young sweet things you see in clubs, shaking their asses, cute lil girls in libraries readin their books under sweet little designer glasses, it's all soo hard to tell.. man.. i'm not going to f*ck anyone soon.. i'm gonna be checking up on my girlfriend too... :(

[boobers]

Bro....damm educative must introduce u to the Ministry of Education.
One thing I learn here today...must engage in 69 whenever bonking for pleasure and "inspection"

[banana]

One thing I learn here today...must engage in 69 whenever bonking for pleasure and "inspection"

good advice! ;)

[evil_lawyer]

you are the doctor i am only a Bigsexy here..so u should know more :)

Thanks bro BS..
For the Scary pictures..i think most of the bros have lost their appetites after seeing them, mine included.. :eek:

bros, its not worthwhile to play RAW.

And may i add this link for other bros to find out more details about STDs.
http://www.medhelp.org/forums/STD/wwwboard.html

Cheers!

[Vibrant69]

you are the doctor i am only a Bigsexy here..so u should know more :)
As it is, I don't go to hookers but after seeing all this, I think even massage parlours are a no-no...even though I bonk less than any samster here and use condom every time with no exceptions....after seeing, I think my didi cannot stand liao... :o

[banana]

As it is, I don't go to hookers but after seeing all this, I think even massage parlours are a no-no...even though I bonk less than any samster here and use condom every time with no exceptions....after seeing, I think my didi cannot stand liao... :o

perhaps u can consider to be a monk. :p

[Blue_gal]

THANK u, SB for SHaring thESe Info!!! SOme PICS reallY LOOK Horriable!! THinK TwiCe if U waNT To "FFFFFF" arouND a LOTS withouT "CAP"! :rolleyes:

TakE CaRe!~

CheeR~
BitCh BuLe Aunt|e

[banana]

THANK u, SB for SHaring thESe Info!!! SOme PICS reallY LOOK Horriable!! THinK TwiCe if U waNT To "FFFFFF" arouND a LOTS withouT "CAP"! :rolleyes:

TakE CaRe!~

CheeR~
BitCh BuLe Aunt|e



but ur signature put "raw sex rocks"...hmm...interesting...

[Jax_]

bros , dun flame me if any other bro have ask this question b4.
Need to know this... the pictures scare me half to shit liaoz! :eek:

I know for HIV got a window period of i think 1 month before can go testing
if positive result and another testing abt 3 mths later (gotten from the HIV thread), is that correct? What about for the STDs?

Having so many kinds of STDs around, is there a specific window period before going for testing? Will not want to go for frequent visits lah.... embarassing one mah... :o

can PM me answer or post here for benefit of all cheongsters. After reading I think will go for test liao.

Any help will be appreciated.
Thks.

[Big Sexy]

like you mention there are alot of different std around here... it is difficult to give you a exact window period.

but one good news for you is that most of it can be cured.. except for a few... e.g herpes.


Having so many kinds of STDs around, is there a specific window period before going for testing? Will not want to go for frequent visits lah.... embarassing one mah...

[PeggyWet]

I think Mr BigSexy has done a good job in providing info on STD in this thread.

I wish him thank you

Peggy

[Blue_gal]

but ur signature put "raw sex rocks"...hmm...interesting...

I Raw my UNCLE only :p i don't like PLASTIC TASTE! I prefer Original TASTE :D

[latias]

Thank you Big Brother Big Sex, the information put up by you really make us feel that Safe Sex is very important.

[bricabrac]

Scary...will definitely have flashbacks of those pictures when bonking FL/WL!! :eek:

[etch]

but one good news for you is that most of it can be cured.. except for a few... e.g herpes.

What about chlamydia( not sure the spelling)? i read from internet can cured but a friend of mine who doing medicine said cannot.. according to him the virus will remain inside your body forever..

[sammyboyfor]

What about chlamydia( not sure the spelling)? i read from internet can cured but a friend of mine who doing medicine said cannot.. according to him the virus will remain inside your body forever..

Chlamydia is a bacterial infection.... NOT a viral infection.

It can be cured with a single dose of antibiotics.

[etch]

Chlamydia is a bacterial infection.... NOT a viral infection.

It can be cured with a single dose of antibiotics.
Wow! thanks boss for the answer.. im honoured..

[big_bear]

i'm pretty sure even if you wear condom and screw WL, you still have a chance to kenna virus rite?
Like genital warts or herpes... although the chance of it is lower, but still there.

[mbam]

Anyone knows abt Non-Gorrohea?Is it a sticky problem?

[thomas88]

Thanks for all the frightening but very educational pics and thread. I can't help but wonder if anyone has got pics of HIV and full blown AIDS as til today I've always wonder how and what it looks like. :confused:

[sammyboyfor]

Thanks for all the frightening but very educational pics and thread. I can't help but wonder if anyone has got pics of HIV and full blown AIDS as til today I've always wonder how and what it looks like. :confused:

Your remarks show your utter ignorance regarding the disease. :mad:

HIV is a virus. A person infected with HIV appears perfectly healthy as long as his/her immune system is still intact. If you want to know what an HIV positive person looks like, just stand in front of the mirror.

However, HIV infection ultimately results in the destruction of a persons immune system making him/her susceptable to a whole host of opportunistic infections. For more info, go to : http://www.thebody.com/Forums/AIDS/Infections/

[Rainman]

Thanks for all these interesting infor.

[matureguy_sg]

Hi Bro Bigsexy, recently there are some cut at the upper outer skin of my pennies, is this a form of STD. I do not feel any itche or paint at all. I am worry but do not dare to see doctor. Kindly advise?

[Sado Masochist]

Excellent job. Thanks bro BS.

[jon2000sg]

this is indeed very educational and informative.
of course scary as well. :eek:
i think I better reconsider my cheonging habits.


*sigh*, with so many pretty China girls in GL, how to resist
probably Cat150 still safe with their frequent checks and all. :o

[cktay1980]

dear big sexy, yesterday i have sex with a FL from thailand, at first she want to give me blow job without condom but i refused, then later she try again and this time without condom and do only about 30 seconds then i request her to put on!did my chance of getting STD is very high wat should ido as i only tried her one day?can i goto see doctor at this very early stage??

[Big Sexy]

your risk is very very low. go and see a doctor after 3 months..but i do understand your anxiousity now.. and so to cure it.. u can go see a doctor now if you now.. but result will not be accurate..

did my chance of getting STD is very high wat should ido as i only tried her one day?can i goto see doctor at this very early stage??

[Big Sexy]

More on syphilis

Dr Robert Knell, of Queen Mary's College, London, argues the disease was too virulent for its own good. Sufferers became so repellent that they were unlikely to have sex. To ensure that they did, and continued to pass on the bacterium, it had to change.

Dr Knell's theory is published in the journal Biology Letters.

Syphilis changed from a virulent disease to a relatively mild one in a very short period. Syphilis in its early form caused disfiguring pustules on the face accompanied by a foul smell. Dr Knell argues this would have been obvious to any potential sexual partners of a sufferer, enabling people to avoid the infected person and thereby reducing transmission.

Other symptoms, such as agonising pains in the joints, would have effectively disabled the sufferer, or at least distracted them from seeking out new sexual partners. As a result, less virulent strains of the disease were transmitted more often, thus leading to changes in the severity of the disease.


http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/39614000/jpg/_39614459_syphilis_extreme203.jpg

[Big Sexy]

More on Syphilis

Long before there was AIDS to terrify us into safe sexual practices, there was syphilis. Spreading quickly throughout the 1500's, syphilis was considered (as AIDS is today) the "New Plague" and its symptoms were ugly and severe: open sores, acute fever, severe headache, intense osteoscopic pains, and delirium, followed by the relief of death. In the later stages, syphilis would attack the brain, leading to insanity.

http://www.asylumeclectica.com/malady/archives/syphilis/syph1.jpg

http://www.asylumeclectica.com/malady/archives/syphilis/syph2.jpg

[Big Sexy]

More Syphilis pic

Holly Cow.. Robertking is that you?
Syphilis on animals

http://www.animal-lib.org.au/lists/viv/syphilis.jpg

http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/k22240/Photos/dossier%20Syphilis/syphilis.jpg

[Big Sexy]

More on GENITAL WARTS

Genital warts (condyloma acuminata)

A. Etiology

Human Papilloma virus (HPV). There are over 70 different types of the virus. Different types of the virus are associated with distinct clinical manifestations.


HPV Type(6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 54) - Associated Disease (Genital warts, laryngeal papillomas )
HPV Type(16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 45, 51, 52) - Associated Disease ( Dysplasia and carcinoma of the cervix)

Other types cause warts of the skin such as plantar warts.

B. Epidemiology

Genital warts caused by HPV 6 and 11 are the most common STD in the United States. Over a million cases are seen per year.
HPV DNA (types 16, 18 mostly) has been found in over 90% of the cervical carcinomas and is believed to be the major cause of invasive cervical carcinoma.
Transmission of the virus is not very well understood.
Direct contact with the lesion is believed to result in spread of the disease.


http://www.yourinfonow.com/acha/papwarts_male.jpg

[sexology88]

wonder if those parlour with bathing you service in a bath tub will transmit which type of VD? I had one and then proceed protected oral sex. no FL.:confused:

[cheryl27]

OMG !!! Although i like to know more about them...but seriously they are making me puke ...

[Tryplay]

Hi bro, went to DSC during after office hour, and they tell me only test for HIV, if require to test STD, need to go during office hour. Can I check with you guys, is the morning section required to register with IC?

Any place I can go for std testing during after office hour? Thanks in advance.

[teacher]

holly man. i went thru some of the pictures here and it really freak me out! well done bro for this very educative and informative thread. will up you too :)

[AfA_hmor]

Hi bro, went to DSC during after office hour, and they tell me only test for HIV, if require to test STD, need to go during office hour. Can I check with you guys, is the morning section required to register with IC? Any place I can go for std testing during after office hour? Thanks in advance.

When you go to DSC during office hours to test for STDs, your records and identity will be recorded. You have to bring your IC along. Anonymous HIV testing is only done at DSC, on Tuesdays and Wednesdays (6.30pm to 8pm), and Saturdays (1.30pm to 3.30pm), except public holidays.

After office hours, you may go to any polyclinics or GPs for STD testing. For more information, you can always email us at [email protected]. Be responsible to yourself, play it safe.

[M3r2zI]

good evening brothers out there,

i have just went to philippines last weekend and have bonked someone whom i met in the strip club. she gave me a bj without CD but FJ use CD. am i probable to any form of diseases? i am worried and want all your frank advices

please help

m3r2zI

[sammyboyfor]

good evening brothers out there,

i have just went to philippines last weekend and have bonked someone whom i met in the strip club. she gave me a bj without CD but FJ use CD. am i probable to any form of diseases? i am worried and want all your frank advices

please help

m3r2zI

You are at risk of STDs such as Gonorrhea, Herpes, Genital Warts, Hepatitis B etc. Just do an internet search for "oral sex risks" and loads of info will pop up.

BTW "Advice" is a non countable noun, you do not add an "s" to make it a plural.

"Advice" is like "Rice". You say... "Please pass me the rice." You don't say "Please pass me the rices" because "rice", like "advice", is a non countable noun.

There are many other examples. To test your knowledge of non countable nouns, go to http://a4esl.org/q/j/ck/ch-countnouns.html and take the test.

[dell_lee_2003]

How about having Foot Job with condom and licking feet? Can these affect HIV and any other uncurable disease? Please... Scary..

[Big Sexy]

what exactly are you asking??? there is no risk with foot job and you don't need a condom for that..

How about having Foot Job with condom and licking feet? Can these affect HIV and any other uncurable disease? Please... Scary..

[Tryguy]

How about having Foot Job with condom and licking feet? Can these affect HIV and any other uncurable disease? Please... Scary..

Yes, your tongue may drop off and your dickie boo may die from asphyxiation due rough and vise-like grip toe action. Your question is bordering on asking for someone to reassure you having sex is 100% safe. If you want someone to tell you that you are immune to std, go elsewhere. No sex, even with your wife or girlfriend, is the safest method. Think b4 u ask.

[skeng]

is there any doctors specialised in singapore to check all these infections in the early stage? or just any doctor at clinic?

[Nat Nat]

24-hours AIDS & STD Helpline
Tel: 1800 252 1324

Sexually Transmitted Disease Helpline
Tel: 6295 2944

Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Clinic (DSC)
31 Kelantan Lane #02-16
Singapore 200031
Tel: 6252 1324 (Personal Counselling)

Action for AIDS c/o DSC Clinic
31 Kelantan Lane #02-16
Singapore 200031
Tel: 6254 0212
[email protected]
http://www.afa.org.sg/

Action for AIDS (Singapore)
http://www.afa.org.sg/

DSC
http://dsc-sexualhealth.com.sg

Ministry of Health
- Updates, advice and statistics on AIDS
http://www.moh.gov.sg/corp/hottopics/hivaids/index.do

TeenCentral
http://www.teencentral.gov.sg

Stomp AIDS
http://www.stompaids.org.sg



is there any doctors specialised in singapore to check all these infections in the early stage? or just any doctor at clinic?

[chlee05]

QUESTION
When giving a man a blow job, am I any safer (STD-wise) if I spit instead of swallow his ejaculate?

ANSWER
Oral sex and swallowing semen carry a very low risk of HIV infection. There are definitely case reports and individual experiences that suggest HIV can be transmitted through oral sex, although it is much less likely than via unprotected anal sex. It may be possible to take this concept further and reduce an already low-risk activity to a lower-risk one (the thinking would be that no semen would be safer than some). But truthfully, there is no scientific proof in this area yet.

However, you can get other STDs from giving a blow job to an infected partner. Syphilis, shigella (if the receiver has just topped someone else), gonorrhea and Hep A can be transmitted during unprotected oral sex. These are not necessarily dependent on whether you spit or swallow. All of these STDs are three to five times more likely to be transmitted to the giver if either partner is HIV+. Learn what risks you are taking when engaging in particular sexual activities.

To your health,
Dr. K

All courtesy of Sanfrancisco City Clinic

Hell no HIV but still STDs, and/or uncurable STDs, what diff is that from HIV?

QUESTION
If you have herpes, but currently do not have an outbreak, what are the chances of transmitting the virus to another by receiving unprotected oral sex?

ANSWER
In people infected with herpes, the virus is shed about one day a month or 3% of the time. Since we do not know which day that might be, it is estimated that there is an overall maximum 3% risk of transmission over time. Since most people already have Herpes simplex type I (70%) and type II is not that effective at passing from penis to mouth, the risk is likely much lower, but not zero.

That's about the most we know.

To your health,
Dr. K


Type 1 or 2, you can't be cured, my friend.

QUESTION
I was wondering how safe oral sex is -- both giving and receiving.

ANSWER
Questions about oral sex are probably the most common ones we get. In terms of HIV, oral sex both ways is very safe. The University of California San Francisco and the San Francisco Dept. of Public Health just completed a study of men in San Francisco who have only had oral sex and found zero new HIV infections. A very recent study from Spain confirmed earlier studies that oral sex is safe sex in terms of HIV. However, there are case reports and individual experiences that support that HIV can be transmitted through oral sex, although rarely. As far as whether oral sex is riskier if you swallow, truthfully no one really knows.

What's important is that other STDs like syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and herpes are definitely transmitted through oral sex, and oral sex has likely contributed to San Francisco's current syphilis outbreak. Many of these infections are easily diagnosed with simple tests and can be treated with available medications.

So my advice is: Enjoy oral sex and get regular check-ups. A good check-up includes throat testing for gonorrhea, rectal testing for gonorrhea and chlamydia, urine testing for gonorrhea and chlamydia and blood tests for herpes, syphilis and HIV. We call that the grand slam!

To your health,
Dr. K

Of course oral sex is very safe for HIV, but confirm kena STD also.

Can I get an STD from kissing?

Kissing--even French or deep, wet kissing-- is pretty safe. Herpes is the only sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can be passed through kissing. This usually happens when one person has an open sore on the mouth or lips and then kisses another person.

So, the message is simple: don't kiss someone with open sores. And if you have any sores, keep your lips to yourself until the sore clears up. A kiss (or saliva) can't spread other STDs, such as HIV (the virus that causes AIDS), chlamydia, genital warts, or gonorrhea. You can't get pregnant from kissing, either.

Note: How do you tell if there is a sore anot? She might haved sucked another lit bro and has traces of semen in her mouth and you still might kena STD through kissing. Or she might also have traces of infected semen in her phlegm or mucous/nasal fluid.


Herpes simplex virus can cause symptoms on the mouth (oral herpes) or genitals (genital herpes).


About 50 to 80 percent of American adults have oral herpes, which is commonly called cold sores or fever blisters.

(Scary!)

About one in five adults in the United States has genital herpes. However, most people don’t know they are infected because their symptoms are too mild to notice or mistaken for another condition.


Herpes is most easily spread from genital-to-genital or oral-to-genital contact during an active outbreak or during prodrome -- the few days just before an outbreak.


Oral and genital herpes can be uncomfortable, but they are generally not dangerous infections in healthy adults.


Herpes does not affect the immune system. It is rare for adults to have any health problems from genital herpes.


However, having genital herpes makes it easier to acquire and/or transmit HIV, a virus that can cause AIDS.


There are several days throughout the year when herpes can be spread even when no symptoms are present (called asymptomatic reactivation or asymptomatic shedding).


The surest way to prevent the spread of genital herpes is to avoid sexual contact during an active outbreak and to use condoms for sexual contact between outbreaks. Suppressive (daily) antiviral therapy with valacyclovir has also been proven to reduce the risk of transmission to a partner.


Most couples decide together how to reduce the risk.


Goodluck guys.

[Bullet168]

This thread is really informative that it comes with sample pics.

Thanks, bro.

[.kym..kym.]

Thanx, SB for sharing these Info!!!

But some pic is realli gross and disgusting..


Thank you Bro SB..

[Libra]

brother...

I have painful testicle the other day. One harder than the other. painful when pressed. Saw the doctor, the doctor cannot confirm STD or UTI.

I don't have any pus coming out of skin lesion... Do u think I have high probability of STD? if STD which one?

[bornfree]

brother...

I have painful testicle the other day. One harder than the other. painful when pressed. Saw the doctor, the doctor cannot confirm STD or UTI.

I don't have any pus coming out of skin lesion... Do u think I have high probability of STD? if STD which one?

if you have all stds test done and results are negative... chances are its not stds... go for ultrasound teste and you find out whats happening..

[block11]

good info here... thanks alot. need to read in detail when i reach home later ;)

[~|@|~]

thanks for the STD info. good :)

[beefymcmanstick]

i am seriously terrified to have unprotected sex now.

my tool is always getting wraped now.

[airforcegurl]

scary... :eek:

[tohcw]

thankz For Your Effort Big Sexy

u R The Savior For Many Ignorant Cheongsters

[wantong]

Sometimes, I may have some pre-cum, especially when I had a good long erection, & fantasised about great sex. Recently (2 - 3 weeks), I started doing PC muscle exercise.

Then these few days, I have some white semen-like liquid coming out of my pee-hole opening, the thickness, sometimes milder than semen, sometimes similar to semen. But not alot. Only a little bit / stain on my underwear, after several hours, or I see that in the morning when I wake up. When I pass urine, sometimes, there is a "hot" feeling, sometimes normal. The "hot" feeling is just like when weather is hot, or our body "heaty".

Last nite, when showering, I was washing my pee-hole by using the shower, I suddenly felt a burning feeling on my didi. Upon close look, I saw a small pimple on where the pain is. The burning feeling is like washing an open wound. There also seem to be some green/yellow-colored puss inside the pimple, just like the pimples we have on our face. This morning, the puss has disappeared, when showering & washing my didi, I don't feel the pain / burning feel anymore.

I always have protected sex, with condoms. The last sex I had was exactly 1 week (7 days) ago, with a WL, with condom.

Based on the information here & symptoms I see these few days, it's similar to chlamydia or gonorrhea. Can chlamydia & gonorrhea be transmitted, even when having sex with condom? I'm also worried about the pimple.

[AfA_hmor]

BBBJ? maybe you had a BBBJ, that one can transmit gonorrhea.
Condom must be worn from start to finish. The moment got erection, must put on, then considered 'protected'.

[wantong]

no, no bj, not 2 mention bbbj.

I had tat WL overseas (I'm currently still overseas), it's not those typical GL service where u still got shower, bj, etc. It's those convenient but low-class fark shops in China, often referred to as barbershops, or "pink" houses.

Anyway, the diagnosis is out, the explanations given 2 me are all in Chinese, I got the "subsidiary" of Chlamydia, and the non-typical (not so common) gonorrhea.

The doctor said I could have been infected about a month ago, by the non-typical (in Chinese, it's called "outside the cell") gonorrhea. I could have been infected by both at the same time.

This leads me to think, I may not have caught it from the WL, but from a fren instead. I was visiting tis fren, who was working in another city at tat time. Tat nite, we went pubbing, after drinking, we slept 2gether...

The other possibility is a short term r'ship I had wif a gal in SGP about 15 - 16 months ago, we bonked raw, cos she said she's allergic 2 rubber?!

[AfA_hmor]

sounds like NGU leh. Nongonococcal urethritis. and probably the fren.
erh... non-WLs, non-FLs can also carry STDs. Those one-night stands and fuck buddies, if they can do it with you, maybe they are also having unprotected sex with other people.
ONS and FBs are not 'safe', they don't think they are at risk, and they don't go for testing, neither do they always practice safer sex.
Whatever it is, wear condom, protect yourself. At the end of the day, u're responsible for your own health.

[sammyboyfor]

nwe bonked raw, cos she said she's allergic 2 rubber?!

If a sex partner claims to be allergic to rubber, use Durex Avanti Super Thin Polyurethane condoms. They are latex free.

[sohhigh]

Would test results be accurate if i take it 10 days after my last exposure of bbbj?

[dann0620]

Would test results be accurate if i take it 10 days after my last exposure of bbbj?

Test like syibilis can be tested from 7 days onward and 3 month. Others STD will need to hv symptom like herpes where a piece of the blister can be taken to labs, this is the current gold standard. Ypu can have more information from DSC website.

[pseudonym]

noted with thanks

If a sex partner claims to be allergic to rubber, use Durex Avanti Super Thin Polyurethane condoms. They are latex free.

okamoto condoms are also non-latex

http://asp.okamoto-condoms.com.sg/

[AfA_hmor]

incorrect. it's made with a special latex compound. so it is still latex.

[pseudonym]

incorrect. it's made with a special latex compound. so it is still latex.

thanks for the info

[warrior china]

If a sex partner claims to be allergic to rubber, use Durex Avanti Super Thin Polyurethane condoms. They are latex free.

Thanks for the tip. But I have not seen such the Avanti series at the local 7-11, maybe need to get it from more specialised shops.

[Johnny Chew]

Hi,

I will be seeing a doctor soon to clear myself of those STDs. I don't know if it is friction causing those blisters on my penis head, but the blisters seem to be in clusters, small, reddish, bump/pimples, that is painful to the touch. Sex is also sometimes painful, 1st time sex I didn't feel it, but for the second time, sex is a bit painful. I think it is not those normal friction blisters, because it seems so much like the signs and symptoms of the STDs stated in this thread. It has been causing me much distress today. There is one young PRC FL SYT who do not dare to have sex with me, and it is her who pointed out these signs, I am so blur to even failing to notice them. In the end, me feeling justified for her fear (I should be responsible not to infect these FLs), and just allow her to PCC me, cleaning her hands after the hj. Really, because for today, my other FL appointment and my didi feels okie at first, and the 1st sex feels enjoyable and satisfying. Then she allows for the second bonking, and this is when it feel slightly painful under Wierd she never notice when she cleans my didi, and also wierd that I never notice. So we went on for sex without knowledge, with condoms on of course for BJ and FJ.

What should I do? BTW, what is the average fee for a STD appointment? if I go for gov polyclinic to check, will it be cheaper?

[AfA_hmor]

http://www.dsc-sexualhealth.com.sg/

Go to DSC, its already subsidised rates.

[melvin3075]

Hi,

I will be seeing a doctor soon to clear myself of those STDs. I don't know if it is friction causing those blisters on my penis head, but the blisters seem to be in clusters, small, reddish, bump/pimples, that is painful to the touch. Sex is also sometimes painful, 1st time sex I didn't feel it, but for the second time, sex is a bit painful. I think it is not those normal friction blisters, because it seems so much like the signs and symptoms of the STDs stated in this thread. It has been causing me much distress today. There is one young PRC FL SYT who do not dare to have sex with me, and it is her who pointed out these signs, I am so blur to even failing to notice them. In the end, me feeling justified for her fear (I should be responsible not to infect these FLs), and just allow her to PCC me, cleaning her hands after the hj. Really, because for today, my other FL appointment and my didi feels okie at first, and the 1st sex feels enjoyable and satisfying. Then she allows for the second bonking, and this is when it feel slightly painful under Wierd she never notice when she cleans my didi, and also wierd that I never notice. So we went on for sex without knowledge, with condoms on of course for BJ and FJ.

What should I do? BTW, what is the average fee for a STD appointment? if I go for gov polyclinic to check, will it be cheaper?

bro, i think u have herpes liao:( .. go dsc check ba...

[Addict199]

sigh... have some itch on my bro after some bonking last few days...
just wondering possible to go for std checkup without any window period??
so i think i will be going to dsc to give them alot blood for blood test... :(

[AfA_hmor]

STD no window period lah. go immediately.

[superbia]

Haha, got so many STDs, once suspect must go liao, better early detection:D and cure then later.

[ilovedoggie]

Hi,

I will be seeing a doctor soon to clear myself of those STDs. I don't know if it is friction causing those blisters on my penis head.........

What should I do? BTW, what is the average fee for a STD appointment? if I go for gov polyclinic to check, will it be cheaper?

bro u got given bbbj before?

[ilovedoggie]

wear CD for bj anf fj and never french with the WL will still stand a chance to get std?

[Jo's Enforcer]

What should I do? BTW, what is the average fee for a STD appointment? if I go for gov polyclinic to check, will it be cheaper?

Think you better go DSC check. The charges are substized if you are a Singaporean. Polyclinic really not equipped to handle STD testing.

[Valerian]

Thanks for the guide

[smallfish73]

Wow, it is a very scary but informative thread. Thanks bro!
Seems the only safe way is to retire....

[Almond Kisses]

Thanks for the tip, actually never knew there were so many sex diseases around. :(

[Apollo_Sun]

Think I should not have looked here, now don't really feel like touching any ladies. :(

[Big Sexy]

UTI is not a type of STD
Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Introduction
Urinary tract infection (UTI) - MayoClinic.com (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/urinary-tract-infection/DS00286/DSECTION=1)

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that begins in your urinary system. UTIs limited to your bladder can be painful and annoying. But serious consequences can occur if the infection spreads to your kidneys.

Women are most at risk of developing a UTI. In fact, half of all women will develop a UTI during their lifetimes, and many will experience more than one.

The urinary system is composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. All play a role in removing waste from your body. The kidneys, a pair of bean-shaped organs in your upper posterior abdomen, filter waste from your blood. Tubes called ureters carry urine from your kidneys to your bladder, where it is stored until it exits the body through the urethra. All of these components can become infected, but most infections involve the lower tract — the urethra and the bladder.

Antibiotics are the typical treatment for urinary tract infections. But you can take steps to reduce your chance a getting a UTI in the first place.

[Big Sexy]

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Signs and symptoms
Urinary tract infection (UTI) - MayoClinic.com (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/urinary-tract-infection/DS00286/DSECTION=1)

Not everyone with a UTI develops recognizable signs and symptoms, but most people have some. These can include:

* A strong, persistent urge to urinate
* A burning sensation when urinating
* Passing frequent, small amounts of urine
* Blood in the urine (hematuria) or cloudy, strong-smelling urine

Each type of UTI may result in more specific signs and symptoms, depending on which part of your urinary tract is infected:

* Acute pyelonephritis. Infection of your kidneys may occur after spreading from an infection in your bladder. Kidney infection can cause upper back and flank pain, high fever, shaking chills, and nausea or vomiting.
* Cystitis. Inflammation or infection of your bladder may result in pelvic pressure, lower abdomen discomfort, frequent, painful urination and strong-smelling urine.
* Urethritis. Inflammation or infection of the urethra leads to burning with urination. In men, urethritis may cause penile discharge.

[Big Sexy]

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Causes
Urinary tract infection (UTI) - MayoClinic.com (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/urinary-tract-infection/DS00286/DSECTION=1)

Urinary tract infections typically occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply in the bladder. The urinary system has infection-fighting properties that inhibit the growth of bacteria and is designed to keep out such microscopic invaders. However, certain factors increase the chances that bacteria will enter the urinary tract, take hold and multiply into a full-blown infection.

Having bacteria in the urine doesn't always signify an infection. Some people, especially older adults, may have bacteria in the urine without any signs or symptoms of infection. This condition, known as asymptomatic bacteriuria, doesn't need treatment.

Cystitis may occur in women after sexual intercourse. But even girls and women who aren't sexually active are susceptible to lower urinary tract infections because the anus is so close to the female urethra. Most cases of cystitis are caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), a species of bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract.

In urethritis, the same organisms that infect the kidney and bladder can infect the urethra. In addition, because of the female urethra's proximity to the vagina, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as herpes simplex virus and chlamydia, also are possible causes of urethritis.

In men, urethritis often is the result of bacteria acquired through sexual contact. The majority of such infections are caused by gonorrhea and chlamydia.

[Big Sexy]

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Risk factors
Urinary tract infection (UTI) - MayoClinic.com (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/urinary-tract-infection/DS00286/DSECTION=1)

Some people appear to be more likely than others to develop UTIs. Up to half of all women will develop a bladder infection over a lifetime. A key reason is their anatomy. Women have a shorter urethra than men have, which cuts down on the distance bacteria must travel to reach the bladder.

Women who are sexually active tend to have more UTIs. Sexual intercourse can irritate the urethra, allowing germs to more easily travel through the urethra into the bladder. Women who use diaphragms for birth control also may be at higher risk, as are women who use spermicidal agents. After menopause, UTIs may become more common because tissues of the vagina, urethra and the base of the bladder become thinner and more fragile due to loss of estrogen.

Other risk factors include:

* Anything that impedes the flow of urine, such as an enlarged prostate in men or a kidney stone
* Diabetes and other chronic illnesses that may impair the immune system
* Medications that lower immunity, such as chronic cortisone therapy or chemotherapy for cancer
* Prolonged use of tubes (catheters) in the bladder

A woman's immune system may play a role in her risk of recurrent UTIs. Bacteria may be able to attach to cells in the urinary tract more easily in women lacking protective factors that normally allow the bladder to shed bacteria. More research is needed to determine the exact factors involved and how such factors can be manipulated to benefit women with frequent UTIs.

[Big Sexy]

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Screening and diagnosis
Urinary tract infection (UTI) - MayoClinic.com (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/urinary-tract-infection/DS00286/DSECTION=1)

If you have symptoms of a urinary infection, contact your doctor promptly. If your doctor suspects you have a UTI, he or she may ask you to turn in a urine sample to determine if pus, red blood cells or bacteria are present in your urine. Laboratory analysis of the urine (urinalysis), sometimes followed by a urine culture, can reveal whether you have an infection. Although no simple test can differentiate between an upper and lower urinary tract infection, the presence of fever and flank pain indicate that the infection likely involves your kidneys.


Complications
When treated promptly and properly, UTIs rarely lead to complications. But left untreated, a urinary tract infection can become something more serious than a set of uncomfortable symptoms.

Untreated UTIs can lead to acute or chronic kidney infections (pyelonephritis), which could permanently damage your kidneys. Young children and older adults are at the greatest risk of kidney damage due to UTIs because their symptoms are often overlooked or mistaken for other conditions. Women who have UTIs while pregnant may also have an increased risk of delivering low birth weight or premature infants.

[Big Sexy]

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Prevention
Urinary tract infection (UTI) - MayoClinic.com (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/urinary-tract-infection/DS00286/DSECTION=1)

You can take steps to reduce your risk of urinary tract infections. Women in particular may benefit from the following:

* Drink plenty of liquids, especially water. Cranberry juice may have infection-fighting properties. However, don't drink cranberry juice if you're taking the blood-thinning medication warfarin. Possible interactions between cranberry juice and warfarin can lead to bleeding.
* Urinate promptly when the urge arises. Avoid retaining your urine for a long time after you feel the urge to void.
* Wipe from front to back. Doing so after urinating and after a bowel movement helps prevent bacteria in the anal region from spreading to the vagina and urethra.
* Empty your bladder as soon as possible after intercourse. Also, drink a full glass of water to help flush bacteria.
* Avoid potentially irritating feminine products. Using deodorant sprays or other feminine products, such as douches and powders, in the genital area can irritate the urethra.


Treatment
f your symptoms are typical of a UTI and you're generally in good health, antibiotics are the first line of treatment. Which drugs are prescribed and for how long depends on your health condition and the type of bacteria found in your urine. Drugs most commonly recommended for simple UTIs include amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox), nitrofurantoin (Furadantin, Macrodantin), trimethoprim (Proloprim) and the antibiotic combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra). Make sure your doctor is aware of any other medications you're taking or any allergies you have. This will help him or her select the best treatment.

Usually, UTI symptoms clear up within a few days of treatment. But you may need to continue antibiotics for a week or more. Take the entire course of antibiotics recommended by your doctor to ensure that the infection is completely eradicated. For an uncomplicated UTI that occurs when you're otherwise healthy, your doctor may recommend a shorter course of treatment, such as taking an antibiotic for three days. But whether this short course of treatment is adequate to treat your UTI depends on your particular symptoms and medical history.

If you have recurrent UTIs, your doctor may recommend a longer course of antibiotic treatment or a self-treatment program with short courses of antibiotics at the outset of your urinary symptoms. For infections related to sexual activity, your doctor may recommend taking a single dose of antibiotic after sexual intercourse.

For severe UTIs, hospitalization and treatment with intravenous antibiotics may be necessary. When recurrences are frequent or a kidney infection becomes chronic, your doctor will likely refer you to a doctor who specializes in urinary disorders (urologist) or a doctor whose specialty is kidneys (nephrologist) for an evaluation to determine if urologic abnormalities may be causing the infections.

[Big Sexy]

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Self-care
Urinary tract infection (UTI) - MayoClinic.com (http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/urinary-tract-infection/DS00286/DSECTION=1)

UTIs can be painful, but you can take steps to ease your discomfort until antibiotics clear the infection. Follow these tips:

* Drink plenty of fluids. Drinking plenty of water dilutes your urine and may help flush out bacteria. Avoid coffee, alcohol, and soft drinks containing citrus juices and caffeine until your infection has cleared. They can irritate your bladder and tend to aggravate your frequent or urgent need to urinate.
* Use a heating pad. Sometimes a heating pad placed over the abdomen can help minimize feelings of bladder pressure or pain.

If you have recurrent bladder infections, let your doctor know. Together you can determine a strategy to reduce recurrences and the discomfort UTIs can bring.

[SteveAu]

guys...smething to ask....i have tis tiny little pimple like dot around my penis head....i have tis since primary school...often masturdbed by myself....i have itchness at tat point of time when i am young but as i grew older...it does not feel itchy at all..i wonder is tat call herpes? now really not itchy n pain at all...

[Sera Angel]

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

thanks for the info. But UTI has many symptoms similar to one STD too it seem.

[endless]

that is some crazy stuff. good thing im clean

[suce55]

Anybody know when it is safe (i.e. not infectious) to have unprotected sex after a cured case of gnorrhea? i.e. guy got it, took medicine, symptons cleared.

[AfA_hmor]

if ur cured, its safe to have unprotected sex.
but still strongly advised to have protected sex.
its quite complicated to explain, but cases who have an STI before tend to be more vulnerable to other STIs.

[Davidoff9876]

I have a friend residing in Thailand, and he just got diagnosed with Gonorrhoea at a clinic in bangkok. But he's not sure about the quality of healthcare over there

He was prescribed and given treatment for both NGU and Gonorrhoea, 1g of Azrithromicyn and 1g of Cefuroxime - Azithromicyn taken before meal, and Cefurocime after.

I was wondering if this treatment is okay for a a patient, as my friend feels taking 2g worth of antibiotics all at once may be too much for his body to handle. Is it a normal procedure here in SG's DSC?

Is he being treated for prevention of NGU or is he infected? Docs in Thailand says hes not infected but still must take. :confused:

Ive go for checkups at DSC regularly and have never encountered any STDs before (thank goodness), so I dont really know about this.

Anyone can help?

Thanks,

Davidoff

[joochiatplace]

My friend was infected with Gonorrhoea recently, 2 week later he is cleared from by DSC but was informed to get a blood test 2 and half months later.. Can advise what is it for and if he did not turn-up for test, what will DSC do...Pls advise.Thanks.

[sammyboyfor]

I have a friend residing in Thailand, and he just got diagnosed with Gonorrhoea at a clinic in bangkok. But he's not sure about the quality of healthcare over there



Healthcare in Bangkok is generally better than what Singapore has to offer.

[sexynagi]

Thanks to the TS who started this informative thread. I have gained more knowledge on the nasty consequences of unprotected sex and casual sex.

[demon83]

guys...smething to ask....i have tis tiny little pimple like dot around my penis head....i have tis since primary school...often masturdbed by myself....i have itchness at tat point of time when i am young but as i grew older...it does not feel itchy at all..i wonder is tat call herpes? now really not itchy n pain at all...

I think is call Fordyce's spots, or Fordyce granules are small, painless, raised, pale or white spots or bumps 1 to 3 mm in diameter that may appear on the shaft of the penis or on the labia, as well as the inner surface and vermilion border of the lips of the face. They are common in men and women of all ages. They are named after an American dermatologist, John Addison Fordyce. On the head of the penis, they are called Tyson glands, not to be confused with Hirsuties papillaris genitalis.

The spots are a form of ectopic sebaceous gland, and are not known to be associated with any disease or illness and are of cosmetic concern only. They are non-infectious and a natural occurrence on the body. Men sometimes consult with a dermatologist because they are worried they may have a sexually transmitted disease (especially genital warts) or some form of cancer, but this is not the case. They may equally be worried about the appearance of their penis and what their sexual partner might think of it.

So just make sure with a visit to your physician that it are indeed are Fordyce's spots.
These are not non-infectious.

check out this link.. does it look something like that?

DermAtlas: Online Dermatology Image Library dermatology image,Fordyce spots,normal variant,sebaceous gland,sebaceous hyperplasia (http://dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu/derm/result.cfm?Diagnosis=1041715055)

[jaycnce]

if ur cured, its safe to have unprotected sex.
but still strongly advised to have protected sex.
its quite complicated to explain, but cases who have an STI before tend to be more vulnerable to other STIs.

Is there a cure STI?

[Wanderboy8869]

Hi Bros,

Wanted to do a full STD test as part of my annual health check but has no wish to go to DSC. Are there other options available and which are the clinics that you would recommend for its discreetness.

[wantong]

About 1 month ago, I had sex with a FL in Bangkok. It's only after the sex that I realised she didnt put on the condom for me! It may sound unbelievable / ridiculous, but she rode me raw!

She was quite playful, teasing, etc. Then when she was on top of me, she actually slid my dickhead into her pussy, & then grabbed my hand to touch it, telling me that it's already in. At that time, it didnt come into my mind that we were doing raw. Then, she took out the condom (still in the wrapper), indicating to me that she's gonna put it on. But then, she proceeded to ride on for a while more. Then she continued to ride, until I ejaculated into her, raw!

Next day onwards, I was starting to get worried. She's a FL, not a WL! Most WLs go for regular check-ups, but FLs may not go for check-ups. Few days later, with the help of a friend to translate, I called her. She said she didnt know why she didnt put on the condom, she also regretted it. It was the 2nd time in her life she did raw. The 1st time was when a customer paid for her virginity about 2 years back. Before I called, she's worried about getting pregnant. With my call, she even more afraid & gotta worry about STDs now.

After our phone call, she immediately went to see a doctor, which was about 3 days after our sex. After that, she came up to my room to have a talk again. She told me that she goes for regular check-ups cos she's FL-ing. She said that her check-up that day (drawing blood from her arm & vagina) shows she's ok. During the talk, we both kinda got emotional, & had sex again, but this time, with condom. For the next 2 weeks, she went to see the doctor again, once a week, to check for STDs.

It's about 1 month now, I called her few days ago, she said she's fine after the check-ups, the doctor even said she's crazy to go so often. I felt relieved each time she said her check-up shows she's ok. On further thoughts, she's a FL, not that I'm biased, but can I trust her words so much?

There's no symptoms of those pictures posted, but the past 2 - 3 weeks, I'd been feeling some kinda pain in my balls pretty often. Sometimes it's the left one, sometimes it's the right one. The pain is like as if I'd been hit in my groin, but not so pain until I'll squat down & scream. The feeling is more like my balls are pretty heavy. Often, they kinda shrink too, not sure if it's because of the cold weather (I am) in China now.

These 2 weeks, there are occasions when I was stimulated (entertaining clients in KTVs, where the gals do some lap-dance & teasing), but I didnt erect as quickly as I used to before, and my erection is not as stiff & long duration as I used to. Even after it goes soft pretty shortly after, and then I went to the toilet, I can see my dick kinda shrank to quite small and the transparent pre-cum on it. It happened 2 times in these 2 weeks already, I would have been erecting very stiffly & for quite some time, but instead, it cooled off very quickly, my dick kinda shrank to smaller than it was when placcid previously (before the raw sex with that FL) & pre-cum oozing outta it. And then, out of fear of inability to erect / ejaculate, I masturbated myself twice in these 2 weeks. I feel that I don't get erected as easily as before, and my erection wasn't as stiff as before too.

I'd also been thinking, was it due to too much sex on the week I had raw sex with that FL? It was like 3 - 4 days of commercial sex in Thailand, while driving (8 - 10 hours' drive per day) to several provinces to visit some factories. I'd also been drinking almost every night for the past 1+ year. Drinking ranges from 1 - 2 cans of beers a night, to heavy drinking when entertaining clients. I only stopped drinking every night when I arrived China 2 weeks ago, when I got a few days' break from client entertainment.

[Sg_Lancelot]

Omg i dun feel like bonking after seeing this two photos :eek:

[ptgary]

Hi Bros,

Wanted to do a full STD test as part of my annual health check but has no wish to go to DSC. Are there other options available and which are the clinics that you would recommend for its discreetness.

just go to any GP and say that your gf was unfaithful, hence you want to do a checkup. :D

[samlover01]

can any bro intro so mediction about PUBLIC LICE / CRAB LOUSE ! i think i got some on my private area , pefer is cream type !thx :D

[Big Sexy]

read post number 5 of this thread.

can any bro intro so mediction about PUBLIC LICE / CRAB LOUSE

[Boyzone]

Bro,
I had a friend who gave his condition as follows...
He says had unprotected sex with his gf.
After a few days, when he pulls back the skin of his penis(uncircumcised), there is redness on the skin near the penile head and there is some white creamy substances under the penis head which is very smelly. sometimes itchy only. I told him, get his shit together and take a bath (haha). A few weeks into it, he still tells me, the symptoms persisted. (Ask him go see Doc, he is too shy).
Any bros know anything on this? Any cure?
Thanks.
Boyzone.

[sammyboyfor]

Any bros know anything on this? Any cure?
Thanks.
Boyzone.

Treatment depends on the cause. The cause needs to be determined by a medical professional.

If your friend doesn't have the balls to see a doctor for a diagnosis, he's going to have a cheesy, stinking dickhead for a long time to come. :rolleyes: I also feel sorry for his girlfriend. It must be pretty putrid in there too!

[Boyzone]

Bro,
Thanks for the reply.
Heheh...
Smelly pussy, Stinky dick... Whats next...
Prevention is better than cure.
So all you players out there...
Remember Safety first... Gungho(courageous but no brain) dies first.
Have a wonderful time...
Boyzone

Will advice that joker to go see doctor if symptom persist...

[zilturo]

bro, just wanted to check is this a medical condition.

Some time , after PCC, the next day at the pubic hair area there will be 1 small lump like those u get for your face pimples. sometime it goes aways after squeezing it but sometime it stay there for quite sometime before it go away.

the funny thing is that this only occur after PCC but not after sex.

[AfA_hmor]

have you ever had unprotected sex with anyone before?

[zilturo]

bro AfA_hmor, if you are refering to me,

nope. always go for safe sex :D

[meisha]

walau you super pro get so scary de picture my hair all standing up but thanks for the share.

[Big Sexy]

mate...nothing is more scary than ignorance.

walau you super pro get so scary de picture my hair all standing up but thanks for the share.

[Big Sexy]

More teens hit by STIs

More teens in Singapore hit by sexual infections (http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/world/41370-more-teens-in-singapore-hit-by-sexual-infections-)

SINGAPORE, Oct 25 — More than 500 teenagers so far this year have been diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections at the DSC Clinic in Kelantan Lane.

Most of the girls were found to have chlamydia while the boys had gonorrhoea. Both sexes also had genital herpes and genital warts.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been on the rise among teenagers. Last year, 791 teens were diagnosed with STIs at the DSC, more than three times the 238 cases in 2002. As of August this year, the number was 526.

Other statistics also point to people becoming more sexually aware from a young age.

A survey last year of 226 sexually active teens between the ages 10 and 19 found that three of them had their first sexual encounter at 11.

More than half have had at least three sex partners. One teen had 34, which might indicate that he or she was getting money for sex.

The results were presented yesterday by Dr Priya Sen, deputy head for the DSC, at the Community and Parents in Support of Schools Convention, a biennial meeting of principals, teachers and parents to strengthen partnership among the home, school and community.

Of the young having sex, Dr Sen said: ‘They’re starting younger as they’ve no parental supervision. They may meet people who are a lot older than them, and some may even get paid money to have sex.’

She also presented findings from a separate study by the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS).

About 500 sexually active teens from the DSC Clinic were surveyed along with 500 teens from a polyclinic who were not sexually active.

Said Dr Sen: “Sexually active teens listed personal factors such as delinquency, smoking, alcohol use, low self-confidence, poor negotiating skills and permissive attitudes towards sex as reasons for having sex.

“They also cited environmental factors such as watching pornography and low media exposure of HIV, Aids and other STIs.”

The study found 43.6 per cent of boys met their sex partners through school, as did 28.1 per cent of the girls.

It also noted that 13.3 per cent of boys and 10.4 per cent of girls met their sex partners via the Internet.

For 7.8 per cent of boys and 8.4 per cent of girls, passers-by ended up as sex partners.

Dr Sen cited an example of a girl who visited the clinic. She had chlamydia and gonorrhoea, and had met her sex partner on the MRT.

The No.1 reason that boys listed for indulging in sex was that they were curious, while the top reason cited by girls was that they were “in love’ with their partner.

“Almost half the girls and about one-third of the boys surveyed said that they didn’t intend to engage in sex, but ended up doing so because they could not control themselves as they could not say “no” or were under the influence of alcohol,” she said.

The NUS survey also found that more than half the teens who went to the DSC Clinic were found to have STIs. Of those who were sexually active, less than 5 per cent used condoms.

Dr Sen’s message to parents: While sex education in schools is commendable, it is important for parents to reach out to their children.

Other topics at the convention included holistic well-being and pathological computer gaming. — Straits Times

[asdf1]

I have occassional "on-off" rash on stomach, lower back, shoulder, forearms. The small & big patch like itchy rashes would occur on-off. Usually i would put powder over it or wash it with soap. Many times the rash looks like 1-2" streak. Could it be some form of STD? Please help. :(

[Big Sexy]

unlikely to be STD.
probably eczema or allergies..

what happens after you powder over it or wash it with soap?


I have occassional "on-off" rash on stomach, lower back, shoulder, forearms. The small & big patch like itchy rashes would occur on-off. Usually i would put powder over it or wash it with soap. Many times the rash looks like 1-2" streak. Could it be some form of STD? Please help. :(

[Big Sexy]

What's the difference between a bacterial and viral STD?
http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/1600.html

The main difference between these two categories of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), now more commonly referred to as sexually transmitted infections, or STIs, is what causes them — bacterial STIs are caused by bacteria and viral STIs are caused by viruses. As a result of being caused by different microorganisms, bacterial and viral STIs vary in their treatment. Bacterial STIs, such as gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia, are often cured with antibiotics. Viral STIs, such as HIV, HPV (genital warts), herpes, and hepatitis — the four Hs — have no cure. However many of their symptoms can be alleviated with treatment. And fortunately, there are vaccines available to help prevent both HPV and hepatitis; you can talk with your health care provider about whether you should be vaccinated for either of these infections.

In addition to bacteria and viruses, STIs can also be caused by protozoa (trichomoniasis) and other organisms (crabs/pubic lice and scabies). These STIs can be cured with antibiotics or topical creams/lotions.

One of the most common symptoms of an STI is no symptom (for example, up to 80 percent of women and 40 percent of men diagnosed with chlamydia may not experience symptoms), so it's important to get tested for STIs when you think you may have been exposed. STIs need to be diagnosed correctly and fully treated as soon as possible to avoid complications that could be serious and/or permanent. The American Social Health Association is one comprehensive place for information and resources about STI symptoms, treatment, and much more.

Most of all, prevention rules. If you're sexually active with more than one person, or with someone who's sexually active with others, "respect yourself, protect yourself" by having safer sex and getting regular check-ups. For safer sex guidelines, read What's an STD? in Alice's Sexual Health archive.

[asdf1]

Thanks Big Sexy for your reply.
I hope it's eczema or allergies too.....
Advisable to go for checkup at DSC clinic or Skin specialist?
After I powder/wash it off....the rash or marked will be gone. But will come back once in awhile.

[Big Sexy]

you case doesn't seems to be eczema then..
eczema usally don't just go off with a wash or powder..
it is probably allergies then..
Do visit a skin specialist.. :)


After I powder/wash it off....the rash or marked will be gone. But will come back once in awhile.

[lordzy]

Great information, keep the good work up!

[sewn910516]

Hi Big Sexy...I m actually an 18 years old guy here who had my 1st sexual experience with a prostitute who is a freelancer...However, during d intercourse, d condom broke..After 2 days, there r some red rashes on my penis with no particular bumps..May i noe wat causes dis? Pls advce...Thx in advance.

[sniper116]

After see all this pictures, don't known how come my whole body including my little brother become itches:confused:

[Big Sexy]

mate. i suggest you visit your doctor soon.

However, during d intercourse, d condom broke..After 2 days, there r some red rashes on my penis with no particular bumps..May i noe wat causes dis? Pls advce...Thx in advance.

[leebai]

I kanna Gonorrhea Gonococcal Infection few week before by a gals call bei bei Location at Lor 33 Number 26 ,but she told me her name beibei ,sexy Body ,she eat my sprem ,after 3 days Infection came ,I when DSC 2 times as doctor says the Infection is strong ....:(

how come I can get with BBBJ ,is everyone the same?

[Big Sexy]

you should really read this thread..
STDs are not only transmitted via vaginal sex.


how come I can get with BBBJ ,is everyone the same?

[AfA_hmor]

I kanna Gonorrhea Gonococcal Infection few week before by a gals call bei bei Location at Lor 33 Number 26 ,but she told me her name beibei ,sexy Body ,she eat my sprem ,after 3 days Infection came ,I when DSC 2 times as doctor says the Infection is strong ....:(

how come I can get with BBBJ ,is everyone the same?

Yup, you can get STDs from BBBJs too. Some STDs can even be transmitted through skin to skin contact. e.g. Herpes, Genital Warts

[tokyo05]

I kanna Gonorrhea Gonococcal Infection few week before by a gals call bei bei Location at Lor 33 Number 26 ,but she told me her name beibei ,sexy Body ,she eat my sprem ,after 3 days Infection came ,I when DSC 2 times as doctor says the Infection is strong ....:(

how come I can get with BBBJ ,is everyone the same?

Is it a legal house? The girl should go to regular body check.....

[leebai]

Is it a legal house? The girl should go to regular body check.....

No ,think she around FL2 ,but i lazy to look for it .know her from GL 33..she back to china dont know back or not ..her body got a lot of tatoos flower around her leg and like to wear a hat.

[phantom010436]

I kanna Gonorrhea Gonococcal Infection few week before by a gals call bei bei Location at Lor 33 Number 26 ,but she told me her name beibei ,sexy Body ,she eat my sprem ,after 3 days Infection came ,I when DSC 2 times as doctor says the Infection is strong ....:(

how come I can get with BBBJ ,is everyone the same?

This is horrible,better don`t do BBBJ any more!

[Big Sexy]

and how is regular body checkup going to help?
it doesnt stop the chick from getting std

Is it a legal house? The girl should go to regular body check.....

[leebai]

and how is regular body checkup going to help?
it doesnt stop the chick from getting std

how about a pros always eat " sprems" did she got a chance get HIV or only STD for sure?

[AfA_hmor]

Yes of course if they swallow/lick every customer's semen, there's a chance that they could pick up something along the way and pass it to you.

[leebai]

Yes of course if they swallow/lick every customer's semen, there's a chance that they could pick up something along the way and pass it to you.

:eek: you means I also might get HIV ? :confused:

my 1st check blood is ok ,doctor ask me back blood test again 3 mths time ...

[kyaw_thu]

:eek: you means I also might get HIV ? :confused:

my 1st check blood is ok ,doctor ask me back blood test again 3 mths time ...


Of coz you can get HIV thru BBBJ..Better get a check again after 3months

[tokyo05]

Of coz you can get HIV thru BBBJ..Better get a check again after 3months

Yes, and it is very common. Maybe AV should ban the girls from giveing out BBBJ. An US study shown that around 10% of gay people infected due to oral sex!

[_adobo]

glad to view this tread,now i'm aware of this diseases....:D

[oozeman]

Dear bro's in this thread, need some advice. Had sex with a Viet last nite. Did oral on her and she rode me with a condom. Later I was curious what were the little lumps on her whilst I was daty'in her. It turned out to be cauliflower like lumps. Checked the net for pictures and confirm they looked the same. So i bought listerin to rinse mouth (too late la but just did something to make myself feel that I've done something)

anyway question is:
1) I won't know if I have contracted hpv but chances are slim for notbeing infected. Is this period of incubation of the virus transmitable, ie in the next 2 wks?
2) went 2 see the doc today, he say got vaccine to stop me from transmitting. It's called gardasil. If I take this vaccine, will the cauliflower lumps still grow on me? (the doc like salesman so he also cannot answer question - gp not specialist)
3) is this hpv only transmitable when I hv the warts on my skin?

To all the bros who will respond, I thank you in advance.

[smlee]

happen to browse this thread and i must say it is informative.

Those who wants to lose weight by skipping their meals should able revisit this thread often.:D

[xpinkyx-moment]

thanks for the info =)

[cybermad6969]

hi bros,

may need to visit DSC :( heard that the doc may insert a cotten swap into the pee hole to get sample ? is this true ?:eek:

[Big Sexy]

what is there to worry?
it isnt going to be painful..
hi bros,

may need to visit DSC :( heard that the doc may insert a cotten swap into the pee hole to get sample ? is this true ?:eek:

[cybermad6969]

what is there to worry?
it isnt going to be painful..

I read that there is gonna be a sharp pain...:(

[Big Sexy]

not all stds are tested that way..
even if it is.. it isnt too painful
I read that there is gonna be a sharp pain...:(

[lightseeker]

Can someone enlighten wat are the different STD tests available and wat's the price range?

[Big Sexy]

you can get your answer at
http://www.dsc-sexualhealth.com.sg/
http://www.afa.org.sg/anonymous.php#anonymoustesting

Can someone enlighten wat are the different STD tests available and wat's the price range?

[chezeburger]

Super down... ..

noticed like a big pimple near my groin area. more like a cyst. =(

But decreasing in size everyday.

Going to dsc to check it out tml.

Can advise whats the cost for a full sti check?

[Big Sexy]

mate.. u dont need a checkup..
you need a train ticket..
why dont u check the post before yours..
or use the search feature..


Can advise whats the cost for a full sti check?

[chezeburger]

Alamak, the only got price for individual checks. I thought there is going to be like a full package kinda scan.

[Big Sexy]

mate.. there isnt going to be one that covers every single std.
here is the closest you get and
u really need to learn how to use the search function.
http://www.shimclinic.com/singapore/std-testing/


Alamak, the only got price for individual checks. I thought there is going to be like a full package kinda scan.

[Arucard]

any bro know where can u get a OraQuick®?? DSC clinic. got sell??

[Big Sexy]

get it online..afa used to sell, but not anymore..from what i know those who offers this service in sg will require you to do the test at their venue..

any bro know where can u get a OraQuick®?? DSC clinic. got sell??

[nokiaandre]

oh......is look like so scare i should decrese my fucking activity.......

[sammyboyfor]

oh......is look like so scare i should decrese my fucking activity.......

DECREASING it isn't going to make much of a difference. You're either at risk or you're not. :rolleyes:

[Big Sexy]

why??? u dont have to do that??
just get yourself a wife..


oh......is look like so scare i should decrese my fucking activity.......

[t3st3r]

If some STDs spread by skin to skin contact, then even if you go for a foot massage you are also at risk?? very curious..

[Big Sexy]

unless there are open sores..
otherwise u shouldnt be too bothered.

If some STDs spread by skin to skin contact, then even if you go for a foot massage you are also at risk?? very curious..

[thedocisin]

mate.. there isnt going to be one that covers every single std.
here is the closest you get and
u really need to learn how to use the search function.
http://www.shimclinic.com/singapore/std-testing/


another place to get STD screening.
http://www.drtanandpartners.com/std-general-info/

I paid:
Anonymous Rapid HIV Test + Rapid Syphilis Test + Rapid Hep B Test - $130 Nett
(No extra for consult)
All with 1 finger prick. No need to draw blood. All results I got in 15 mins

Any bros been to these 2 places? Care to share price for other STD tests?

[Msdy777]

another place to get STD screening.
http://www.drtanandpartners.com/std-general-info/

I paid:
Anonymous Rapid HIV Test + Rapid Syphilis Test + Rapid Hep B Test - $130 Nett
(No extra for consult)
All with 1 finger prick. No need to draw blood. All results I got in 15 mins

Any bros been to these 2 places? Care to share price for other STD tests?
confirm $130? Walk in or appointment?

[kukujiao888]

let say, a man has protected sex with a lady on the top position and she has heavy vigina fluid. As this fluid so much that it flowed down to his anus. I believe this can get STD if is she infectious?

[thedocisin]

confirm $130? Walk in or appointment?

confirm. no consult charge. that's what i paid.
walk in.

[Big Sexy]

mate..how could you be sure that it is chlamydia without seeing a doctor and doing a test?

Hi may I know where can I purchase medication. The antibiotic for chlamydia without seeing the doc?

[passerby25]

hi

last week i was given a blowjob and handjob by a pinoy in a pub.
now i am in a worry state that i would be infected by STD and HIV.

should i go for a check in DSC this week or wait for the window period?

:(:(:(

[Big Sexy]

you have little to worry..
go to dsc in a week time for the std check and
do the hiv test in a month time and then do it again in 3 months time.

hi

last week i was given a blowjob and handjob by a pinoy in a pub.
now i am in a worry state that i would be infected by STD and HIV.

should i go for a check in DSC this week or wait for the window period?

:(:(:(

[need_it]

Just underwent a total checkup at the clinic that one of the bros above mentioned.

Started cheonging at the start of this year and while there are so many pretty chicks to cheong but I think I need to take responsibility of my life. For $400 (cost of check up), I can probably pay for a 90 mins escapade with a local young and chio FL and experience a great sense of euphoria. Instead, I have decided that this is really not what I wanted. And I think I can control my urge, just like how I did it before.

I am retiring and now just waiting for the return of a clean bill of health. To the cheongsters out there, play safe, if at all.

[dawn]

bros, recently visited a FL. now penis pain when urinating and got some cream color discharge from pee hole. any bros can advice? :confused:

[sammyboyfor]

bros, recently visited a FL. now penis pain when urinating and got some cream color discharge from pee hole. any bros can advice? :confused:

Should be "Can any brothers ADVISE?".

"Advice" is a noun.

It sounds like Gonorrhea (http://www.std-gov.org/stds/gonorrhea.htm). You MUST see a doctor asap for a shot of antibiotics.

[Big Sexy]

try drinking lot of water..probably UTI
if it doesnt help, go check a doctor.

bros, recently visited a FL. now penis pain when urinating and got some cream color discharge from pee hole. any bros can advice? :confused:

[dawn]

hopefully nothing serious here.. experiencing high volume of pain through out the day.. and clinic never open on sunday.. :(

any bros have similar experience ?:confused:

[J fellow]

hi bros,

what if your balls area and cock area starts to get flaky, like the skin peeling off, no sores or painful / non painful discharge. just a bit itching. like super dry skin.

waht could it be?

[sammyboyfor]

hi bros,

what if your balls area and cock area starts to get flaky, like the skin peeling off, no sores or painful / non painful discharge. just a bit itching. like super dry skin.

waht could it be?

Moisturizer will do the trick. :D

[J fellow]

Moisturizer will do the trick. :D

thanks a lot bro, but probably will still see a doc to be on the safe side.

[bonker1111]

Just underwent a total checkup at the clinic that one of the bros above mentioned.

Started cheonging at the start of this year and while there are so many pretty chicks to cheong but I think I need to take responsibility of my life. For $400 (cost of check up), I can probably pay for a 90 mins escapade with a local young and chio FL and experience a great sense of euphoria. Instead, I have decided that this is really not what I wanted. And I think I can control my urge, just like how I did it before.

I am retiring and now just waiting for the return of a clean bill of health. To the cheongsters out there, play safe, if at all.

Good for you.
Last year a pinoy gave me BBBJ
About three weeks later, penis swollen, terrible itch, red, lymph node activated near groin.
It healed by itself about a month later, no medication.
But now after a year, still fell the itch every now and then on the penis.
Last week screen for HIV, thank God, I am not infected, also screened for syphillis, also thank God I am not infected.
Now, I stay clean, would like to dedicate my time and life for God, appreciate my life more. Might be going steady with a divorcee I met recently.
My advice to All out there please stay SAFE and practice safe sex all the time, abstinence is still the best.
If really in"need" just DIY! it's cheaper and safer..

[Hantu69]

hi big bros,

have been quite active in cheonging fls recently, praticed protected sex even with capped on bj, just wondering if my testicles contacted the cunt juices, any chances to get any std?

ps: been expreriencing itch at my bosses..

Advance thanks for bros's enlightenment please, thanks.

[Big Sexy]

you could still get nasty stds with protected sex.
read this sticky again..


praticed protected sex even with capped on bj, , any chances to get any std?

[sammyboyfor]

hi big bros,

have been quite active in cheonging fls recently, praticed protected sex even with capped on bj, just wondering if my testicles contacted the cunt juices, any chances to get any std?

ps: been expreriencing itch at my bosses..

Advance thanks for bros's enlightenment please, thanks.

Warts, herpes, pubic lice, etc.

[Big Sexy]

funny.. how come you cheong but it is your bosses who feels the itch..:D
did u 'bonk' your bosses?? :D

ps: been expreriencing itch at my bosses..

[sammyboyfor]

funny.. how come you cheong but it is your bosses who feels the itch..:D
did u 'bonk' your bosses?? :D

He got fucked by his Boss. :p

[Big Sexy]

maybe we should advise him and his boss to both go for a std checkup..:D:D

He got fucked by his Boss. :p

[ky40]

hi bros here (and sis) =)
may I know what's the difference (look wise) between Molluscum and Herpes?
they both look like small (pimples) on the genital area

and also one stupid question, where is the cheapest way to do a STD test in sg?

thanks!!

[sammyboyfor]

hi bros here (and sis) =)
may I know what's the difference (look wise) between Molluscum and Herpes?


Herpes usually hurts a lot more.

[Oranj3]

any bros out there developed little bumps at the nipple area due to catbath from FLs? sry if its a noob question.

[ivanlaw88]

hi i which to know how long STD or HIV Symptoms will show? had FL last July 2011 but after that i have nerve and joint pain till now and had fever a few time but don have rash and have some painless sore in my mouth till now it started to make me worry could anyone tell me what is it?

[sammyboyfor]

hi i which to know how long STD or HIV Symptoms will show? had FL last July 2011 but after that i have nerve and joint pain till now and had fever a few time but don have rash and have some painless sore in my mouth till now it started to make me worry could anyone tell me what is it?

Many STDs have no symptoms whatsoever. Same applies to HIV. Symptoms only start appearing when HIV progresses to full blown AIDS.

[ivanlaw88]

should i be worry or what? it been mths

[Big Sexy]

instead of freaking yourself out..
why dont you go for a check up??

should i be worry or what? it been mths

[Kigo San]

Hi TS ... or Bro Big Sexy,

I have read thru all the pages here and would like input on
the Hepatitis A, which is not indicated in this thread.
(Hope u dun mind) ;)


Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A (formerly known as infectious hepatitis and epidemical virus) is an acute infectious disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (Hep A),[1] an RNA virus, usually spread the fecal-oral route; transmitted person-to-person by ingestion of contaminated food or water or through direct contact with an infectious person. Tens of millions of individuals worldwide are estimated to become infected with Hep A each year.[2] The time between infection and the appearance of the symptoms (the incubation period) is between two and six weeks and the average incubation period is 28 days.[3]

In developing countries, and in regions with poor hygiene standards, the incidence of infection with this virus is high[4] and the illness is usually contracted in early childhood. As incomes rise and access to clean water increases, the incidence of HAV decreases.[5] Hepatitis A infection causes no clinical signs and symptoms in over 90% of infected children and since the infection confers lifelong immunity, the disease is of no special significance to those infected early in life. In Europe, the United States and other industrialized countries, on the other hand, the infection is contracted primarily by susceptible young adults, most of whom are infected with the virus during trips to countries with a high incidence of the disease[3] or through contact with infectious persons.

HAV infection produces a self-limited disease that does not result in chronic infection or chronic liver disease. However, 10–15% of patients might experience a relapse of symptoms during the 6 months after acute illness. Acute liver failure from Hepatitis A is rare (overall case-fatality rate: 0.5%). The risk for symptomatic infection is directly related to age, with >80% of adults having symptoms compatible with acute viral hepatitis and the majority of children having either asymptomatic or unrecognized infection.[6] Antibody produced in response to HAV infection persists for life and confers protection against reinfection. The disease can be prevented by vaccination, and hepatitis A vaccine has been proven effective in controlling outbreaks worldwide.[3]


Signs and symptoms

Early symptoms of hepatitis A infection can be mistaken for influenza, but some sufferers, especially children, exhibit no symptoms at all. Symptoms typically appear 2 to 6 weeks, (the incubation period), after the initial infection.[7]

Symptoms usually last less than 2 months, although some people can be ill for as long as 6 months.:[8]
Fatigue
Fever
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Appetite loss
Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes
Bile is removed from blood stream and excreted in urine, giving it a dark amber colour
Clay-coloured feces


Virology



Hepatitis A
Electron micrograph of hepatitis A virions.

Virus classification
Group:

Group IV ((+)ssRNA)

Family:
Picornaviridae

Genus:
Hepatovirus

Species:
Hepatitis A virus

Following ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the epithelium of the oropharynx or intestine.[9] The blood carries the virus to its target, the liver, where it multiplies within hepatocytes and Kupffer cells (liver macrophages). Virions are secreted into the bile and released in stool. HAV is excreted in large quantities approximately 11 days prior to appearance of symptoms or anti-HAV IgM antibodies in the blood. The incubation period is 15–50 days and mortality is less than 0.5%. Within the liver hepatocytes the RNA genome is released from the protein coat and is translated by the cell's own ribosomes. Unlike other members of the Picornaviruses this virus requires an intact eukaryote initiating factor 4G (eIF4G) for the initiation of translation.[10] The requirement for this factor results in an inability to shut down host protein synthesis unlike other picornaviruses. The virus must then inefficiently compete for the cellular translational machinery which may explain its poor growth in cell culture. Presumably for this reason the virus has strategically adopted a naturally highly deoptimized codon usage with respect to that of its cellular host. Precisely how this strategy works is not quite clear yet.

There is no apparent virus-mediated cytotoxicity presumably because of the virus' own requirement for an intact eIF4G and liver pathology is likely immune-mediated.

Structure

The Hepatitis virus (HAV) is a Picornavirus; it is non-enveloped and contains a single-stranded RNA packaged in a protein shell.[11] There is only one serotype of the virus, but multiple genotypes exist.[12] Codon use within the genome is biased and unusually distinct from its host. It also has a poor internal ribosome entry site[13] In the region that codes for the HAV capsid there are highly conserved clusters of rare codons that restrict antigenic variability.[14]


Transmission

The virus spreads by the fecal-oral route and infections often occur in conditions of poor sanitation and overcrowding. Hepatitis A can be transmitted by the parenteral route but very rarely by blood and blood products. Food-borne outbreaks are not uncommon,[15] and ingestion of shellfish cultivated in polluted water is associated with a high risk of infection.[16] Approximately 40% of all acute viral hepatitis is caused by HAV.[9] Infected individuals are infectious prior to onset of symptoms, roughly 10 days following infection. The virus is resistant to detergent, acid (pH 1), solvents (e.g., ether, chloroform), drying, and temperatures up to 60 °C. It can survive for months in fresh and salt water. Common-source (e.g., water, restaurant) outbreaks are typical. Infection is common in children in developing countries, reaching 100% incidence, but following infection there is life-long immunity. HAV can be inactivated by: chlorine treatment (drinking water), formalin (0.35%, 37 °C, 72 hours), peracetic acid (2%, 4 hours), beta-propiolactone (0.25%, 1 hour), and UV radiation (2 μW/cm2/min).


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hep_a
you can read more about this on the link.

[Big Sexy]

thanks mate..
all relevant/useful input are welcome..
i was hoping more samsters would take the initiative to help me with the update...alas i get very few help even after so many years..


Hi TS ... or Bro Big Sexy,

I have read thru all the pages here and would like input on
the Hepatitis A, which is not indicated in this thread.
(Hope u dun mind) ;)
.

[boomboompow86]

Bro, pls advise..

I bonk a FL 3 weeeks ago, can it b tested now?
Also i continue bang her after my cum in her pussy but wearing cd, im worry that the cd wasburst. Lastly will her pussy juice infect me as when i take off the cd i got contact with those juice n clean my small bro. Pls helpq

[Big Sexy]

if you are testing for STD..
a window period of 3 weeks is enough for most stds.
for HIV.. 3 weeks wont be conclusive..
test again in 3 months time..
meanwhile you could chose to bite your nails and pull all your hair out or
spent some time reading all the post in the stickies which actually helps.


Bro, pls advise..

I bonk a FL 3 weeeks ago, can it b tested now?
Also i continue bang her after my cum in her pussy but wearing cd, im worry that the cd wasburst. Lastly will her pussy juice infect me as when i take off the cd i got contact with those juice n clean my small bro. Pls helpq

[fishball]

A very very informative thread.. Kudos to the TS.. I got a close guy fren whom told me he was tested positive for Herpes which leaves him with blisters/ sores/ ulcers very constantly on his fore skin.. Any bros here got any advice..?

[sammyboyfor]

A very very informative thread.. Kudos to the TS.. I got a close guy fren whom told me he was tested positive for Herpes which leaves him with blisters/ sores/ ulcers very constantly on his fore skin.. Any bros here got any advice..?

Why don't you read the herpes thread?:rolleyes:

[fishball]

Why don't you read the herpes thread?:rolleyes:

Had read up on the herpes thread. Was wondering if any bros here got an effective solution as it seems that valtrax does not work very well on my fren.. He is wondering if circumcise would help the situation as the sores kept on appearing on his foreskin as mentioned by him..

[sammyboyfor]

Had read up on the herpes thread. Was wondering if any bros here got an effective solution as it seems that valtrax does not work very well on my fren.. He is wondering if circumcise would help the situation as the sores kept on appearing on his foreskin as mentioned by him..

No harm in trying.

[Big Sexy]

herpes breakouts are not restricted to the same spot
i doubt circumcision will help.
however like sam says... no harm trying.

Had read up on the herpes thread. Was wondering if any bros here got an effective solution as it seems that valtrax does not work very well on my fren.. He is wondering if circumcise would help the situation as the sores kept on appearing on his foreskin as mentioned by him..

[fishball]

herpes breakouts are not restricted to the same spot
i doubt circumcision will help.
however like sam says... no harm trying.

Any bros here know any other better solution than valtrax..?

[Big Sexy]

read the sticky on herpes or google
http://www.sammyboyforum.com/showthread.php?t=21670

There are several antivirals that are effective for treating herpes including: aciclovir (acyclovir), valaciclovir (valacyclovir), famciclovir, and penciclovir. Aciclovir was the first discovered and is now available in generic.


Any bros here know any other better solution than valtrax..?

[Hyper99]

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2013376/Unstoppable-sex-disease-New-strain-gonorrhoea-resists-antibiotics-spread-quickly.html

New strain of antibiotic resistant gonorrhoea spreading, found in the throat of a japanese sex worker.

[KatoeyLover69]

Report from APF dated 20 July 2012 :-

Nobel laureate, discoverer of HIV, says cure in sight

WASHINGTON (AFP) - The Nobel laureate who helped to discover HIV says a cure for Aids is in sight following recent discoveries, in an interview with AFP ahead of a global conference on the disease.

Ms Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2008 as part of a team that discovered the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (Aids), said scientific research was zeroing in on a cure for the illness.

She cited a patient in Berlin who appears to have been cured through a bone marrow transplant, 'which proves that finding a way of eliminating the virus from the body is something that is realistic'.

Other sources of optimism are the small minority of patients - less than 0.3 per cent - who exhibit no symptoms of the virus without ever receiving treatment; and a small group in France who received antiretroviral drugs and now live without treatment or symptoms, Ms Barre-Sinoussi said.
----- KatoeyNewsNetwork

[albertlow]

if only during ejaculate time can feel the burning sensation, is it one of the symptoms for std.. so far urine time no feel n no discharge.. already call dsc clinic to make appointment for test though.. anyone know how long all the tests n times need to take n will i know the result on tat day?
hope some bros over here can help..
tks

[Big Sexy]

why didnt you ask them those questions when u call them to make the appointment?:confused:

Also learn how to google..
you can get the answers from the dsc website.
http://www.dsc-sexualhealth.com.sg/showpage.asp?id=65




already call dsc clinic to make appointment for test though.. anyone know how long all the tests n times need to take n will i know the result on tat day?

[adamleek]

My fingers feel numb, what does it mean? HIV?

[bigbang486]

For HIV test, you can do a HIV swab test using the reputable Oraquick test,
available here --> www.eztestings.com
Its accurate,quick and painless (no blood required)

There are also test kits available online to detect other forms of STDs.

or you can visit one of the following clinics to do a blood test
--> http://www.drtanandpartners.com/
--> http://www.dsc-sexualhealth.com.sg/
--> http://www.sgstdclinic.com/home

[donnieboi]

For HIV test, you can do a HIV swab test using the reputable Oraquick test,
available here --> www.eztestings.com
Its accurate,quick and painless (no blood required)

There are also test kits available online to detect other forms of STDs.

or you can visit one of the following clinics to do a blood test
--> http://www.drtanandpartners.com/
--> http://www.dsc-sexualhealth.com.sg/
--> http://www.sgstdclinic.com/home

The last website cannot get through. Seems that it's down or gone.

[mrclen]

Just a quick note about something that just happened to me.
I decided to get a complete test done for all possible forms of STD's at my doctors office. Got the test and all is well as I expected it would be, but better safe than sorry. Now the shocker!!! My insurance company (at least I think that was who it was from), sent to my home a form letter asking if I wanted to protest any of the charges for the following tests I had done on such and such a date! Thank my lucky stars that my wife doesn't open my mail or I would be in the divorce process right now!
Word of caution--be sure the tests do not somehow bite you on the ass! The pain involved at home could be worse than the disease itself!!!!
Comment: If we can not keep this information private, we will not get tested as we should, thereby greatly increasing the risk of passing on STD's and or getting them ourselves!!! Somewhere there is a really bad policy of making this information public!!!! MRCLEN

[sammyboyfor]

I decided to get a complete test done for all possible forms of STD's at my doctors office.

Did you test for HPV and Herpes type 1 and 2?